Why Haskell alloc huge amounts of memory when working with strings?

Question

I've written a program in Haskell which had to load and parse big text file in UTF8. The file represents a dictionary with key:value pairs on each line. In my program I want to have a Data.Map container for fast dictionary search. My file is about 40MB, but after loading it to my program 1.5 GB of RAM is used, and never freed. What did I do wrong? Is the memory usage expected?

Here is a code sample from my program:

module Main where

import Engine

import Codec.Archive.Zip
import Data.IORef
import System.IO
import System.Directory
import qualified System.IO.UTF8 as UTF8
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as B
import qualified Data.ByteString.UTF8 as BsUtf
import qualified Data.Map as Map

import Graphics.UI.Gtk
import Graphics.UI.Gtk.Glade

maybeRead :: Read a => BsUtf.ByteString -> Maybe a
maybeRead s = case reads $ BsUtf.toString s of
     [(x, "")] -> Just x
     _         -> Nothing    

parseToEntries :: [BsUtf.ByteString] -> [(BsUtf.ByteString, Int)]
parseToEntries [] = []
parseToEntries (x:xs) = let (key, svalue) = BsUtf.break (==':') x
                            value = maybeRead svalue
                        in case value of 
                            Just x -> [(key, x)] ++ parseToEntries xs 
                            Nothing -> parseToEntries xs 

createDict :: BsUtf.ByteString -> IO (Map.Map BsUtf.ByteString Int)
createDict str = do
    let entries = parseToEntries $ BsUtf.lines str
        dict = Map.fromList entries
    return (dict)

main :: IO ()
main = do

    currFileName <- newIORef ""

    dictZipFile <- B.readFile "data.db"    
    extractFilesFromArchive [] $ toArchive dictZipFile
    dictFile <- UTF8.readFile "dict.txt"
    dict <- createDict $ BsUtf.fromString dictFile

...

searchAccent :: Map.Map BsUtf.ByteString Int -> String -> Int
searchAccent dict word = let sword = BsUtf.fromString $ map toLower word
                             entry = Map.lookup sword dict
                         in case entry of
                            Nothing -> -1
                            Just match -> 0                       

Answer 1

Quick answer.
Main problem is that System.IO.UTF8.readFile reads file into String.

Supposed bottleneck is here:

dictFile <- UTF8.readFile "dict.txt"
dict <- createDict $ BsUtf.fromString dictFile

When dealing with UTF-8 text it is better to use Data.Text instead of ByteString. Try something like this:

import qualified Data.Text.Lazy as LT
import qualified Data.Text.Lazy.Encoding as LT

...
dictFile <- B.readFile "dict.txt"
dict <- createDict $ LT.decodeUtf8 dictFile

Another bottleneck is parsing numbers: you are converting ByteString to String and then read it. It's better to use Data.Text.Lazy.Read:

import qualified Data.Text.Lazy.Read as LT

maybeRead :: LT.Text -> Maybe Int
maybeRead s = case LT.decimal s of
    Left _  -> Nothing
    Right i -> Just i