Why Does this DataFrame Modification within Function Change Global Outside Function?

Question

Why does the function below change the global DataFrame named df? Shouldn't it just change a local df within the function, but not the global df?

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame()

def adding_var_inside_function(df):
    df['value'] = 0

print(df.columns) # Index([], dtype='object')
adding_var_inside_function(df)
print(df.columns) # Index([u'value'], dtype='object')

Answer 1

from docs:

Mutability and copying of data

All pandas data structures are value-mutable (the values they contain can be altered) but not always size-mutable. The length of a Series cannot be changed, but, for example, columns can be inserted into a DataFrame. However, the vast majority of methods produce new objects and leave the input data untouched. In general, though, we like to favor immutability where sensible.

Here is another example, showing values (cell's) mutability:

In [21]: df
Out[21]:
   a  b  c
0  3  2  0
1  3  3  1
2  4  0  0
3  2  3  2
4  0  4  4

In [22]: df2 = df

In [23]: df2.loc[0, 'a'] = 100

In [24]: df
Out[24]:
     a  b  c
0  100  2  0
1    3  3  1
2    4  0  0
3    2  3  2
4    0  4  4

df2 is a reference to df

In [28]: id(df) == id(df2)
Out[28]: True

Your function, that won't mutate the argument DF:

def adding_var_inside_function(df):
    df = df.copy()
    df['value'] = 0
    return df

In [30]: df
Out[30]:
     a  b  c
0  100  2  0
1    3  3  1
2    4  0  0
3    2  3  2
4    0  4  4

In [31]: adding_var_inside_function(df)
Out[31]:
     a  b  c  value
0  100  2  0      0
1    3  3  1      0
2    4  0  0      0
3    2  3  2      0
4    0  4  4      0

In [32]: df
Out[32]:
     a  b  c
0  100  2  0
1    3  3  1
2    4  0  0
3    2  3  2
4    0  4  4