Update: Simplifying the Q on experimenting with psql
further:
For the following Django model:
class Book(models.Model):
name = models.TextField(unique=True)
pg_dump
(PostgreSQL 9.3) shows the following table & constraints:
CREATE TABLE book (
id integer NOT NULL,
name text NOT NULL,
);
ALTER TABLE ONLY book ADD CONSTRAINT book_name_key UNIQUE (name);
CREATE INDEX book_name_like ON book USING btree (name text_pattern_ops);
But PostgreSQL documentation says:
PostgreSQL automatically creates a unique index when a unique constraint [...] is defined for a table.
[...] there's no need to manually create indexes on unique columns; doing so would just duplicate the automatically-created index.
Question: Why is Django creating an index on a unique column then? Maybe the justification is that it's using the operator class text_pattern_ops
, hence Django needs to add another index. If that's the case, a better way would be to interpret unique=True
constraint by Django as this:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX book_name_like ON book USING btree (name text_pattern_ops);
and not have the UNIQUE
constraint in the column at all. Thus a single UNIQUE INDEX
with text_pattern_ops
would result in DB not creating an implicit index for UNIQUE
constraint.
Detailed discussion in bug report: https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/24082
Triage: Accepted to skip index when db_index=False
(with unique=True
)
The heart of the issue is this guarantee made in the Django documentation:
Note that when
unique
isTrue
you don’t need to specifydb_index
, becauseunique
implies the creation of an index.
So by Django's contract, unique=True
implies db_index=True
, and db_index=True
means that Django has to create the text_pattern_ops
index to support all lookup types (see ticket 12234).
As for just using a single unique index, the PostgreSQL documentation says that that won't cover all lookup types:
Note that you should also create an index with the default operator class if you want queries involving ordinary <, <=, >, or >= comparisons to use an index. Such queries cannot use the xxx_pattern_ops operator classes.
You can try adding both unique=True
and db_index=False
.
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