Mozilla/5.0 is the general token that says the browser is Mozilla compatible, and is common to almost every browser today.
In olden times there was a company called Netscape, and their browser ruled the world-wide-web (pretty much). The rendering engine in the Netscape browser was codenamed Mozilla. So they properly used the product name and version number in the user-agent string.
# Chrome for Android Phone pattern: 'Android' + 'Chrome/[. 0-9]* Mobile'
See: user-agent-string-history
It all goes back to browser sniffing and making sure that the browsers are not blocked from getting content they can support. From the above article:
And Internet Explorer supported frames, and yet was not Mozilla, and so was not given frames. And Microsoft grew impatient, and did not wish to wait for webmasters to learn of IE and begin to send it frames, and so Internet Explorer declared that it was “Mozilla compatible” and began to impersonate Netscape, and called itself Mozilla/1.22 (compatible; MSIE 2.0; Windows 95), and Internet Explorer received frames, and all of Microsoft was happy, but webmasters were confused.
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