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It has been itching me for a long time to know what the historical reason for calling daemon programs or threads "daemon"
Lat: daemon, latin version of the Greek "δαίμων" ("godlike power, fate, god")
- god,
- a subordinate deity, as the genius of a place or a person's attendant spirit
There are numerous questions clarifying what daemons are and how they behave, but none explaining the origins of the term "daemon" for programs that run in the background like sshd.
Why do we title programs that run in the background as daemons?
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Daemon (computing) In multitasking computer operating systems, a daemon ( /ˈdiːmən/ or /ˈdeɪmən/) is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user. Traditionally, the process names of a daemon end with the letter d, for clarification that...
The process that creates daemons is the initialization (called init) process by forking its own process to create new ones. Done this way, the init process is the outright parent process. There is another way to spawn a daemon and that is for another process to fork a child process and then die (a term often used in place of exit ).
Traditionally, the process names of a daemon end with the letter d, for clarification that the process is in fact a daemon, and for differentiation between a daemon and a normal computer program.
The differences in spelling is intentional and was apparently decided upon in the 16th century. Daemons are the good guys, and demons are the bad ones. The use of the word, daemon, in computing came about in 1963. Project MAC is shorthand for Project on Mathematics and Computation, and was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
See the wiki
According to Fernando J. Corbato who worked on Project MAC in 1963 his team is the first to use the term daemon. The use of the term daemon was inspired by Maxwell's daemon, in physics and thermodynamics as an imaginary agent which helped to sort molecules.
"We fancifully began to use the word daemon to describe background processes which worked tirelessly to perform system chores."
In the Unix System Administration Handbook, Evi Nemeth states the following about daemons:
"Many people equate the word "daemon" with the word "demon", implying some kind of satanic connection between UNIX and the underworld. This is an egregious misunderstanding. "Daemon" is actually a much older form of "demon"; daemons have no particular bias towards good or evil, but rather serve to help define a person's character or personality. The ancient Greeks' concept of a "personal daemon" was similar to the modern concept of a "guardian angel"—eudaemonia is the state of being helped or protected by a kindly spirit. As a rule, UNIX systems seem to be infested with both daemons and demons."
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According to Wikipedia:
The term was coined by the programmers of MIT's Project MAC. They took the name from Maxwell's demon, an imaginary being from a thought experiment that constantly works in the background, sorting molecules.
Unix systems inherited this terminology. Maxwell's Demon is consistent with Greek mythology's interpretation of a daemon as a supernatural being working in the background, with no particular bias towards good or evil. However, BSD and some of its derivatives have adopted a Christian demon as their mascot rather than a Greek daemon.
More here.
And here.
And here.
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