When is a Java 8 Stream considered to be consumed?

Question

My understanding was that a Java 8 Stream is considered to be consumed once a terminal operation, such as forEach() or count(), is performed.

However, the test case multipleFilters_separate below throws an IllegalStateException even though filter is a lazy intermediate operation, just called as two statements. And yet, I can chain the two filter operations into a single statement and it works.

@Test(expected=IllegalStateException.class)
public void multipleFilters_separate() {
    Stream<Double> ints = Stream.of(1.1, 2.2, 3.3);
    ints.filter(d -> d > 1.3);
    ints.filter(d -> d > 2.3).forEach(System.out::println);
}

@Test
public void multipleFilters_piped() {
    Stream<Double> ints = Stream.of(1.1, 2.2, 3.3);
    ints.filter(d -> d > 1.3)
        .filter(d -> d > 2.3)
        .forEach(System.out::println);
}

From this, I'm assuming a Stream is considered to be consumed after the first statement that uses it whether that statement calls a terminal operation or not. Does that sound right?

Answer 1

A Stream is considered consumed once a terminal operation is executed. However, even multiple intermediate operations are not supposed to be executed for the same Stream instance, as stated in the Stream javadoc:

A stream should be operated on (invoking an intermediate or terminal stream operation) only once. This rules out, for example, "forked" streams, where the same source feeds two or more pipelines, or multiple traversals of the same stream. A stream implementation may throw IllegalStateException if it detects that the stream is being reused. However, since some stream operations may return their receiver rather than a new stream object, it may not be possible to detect reuse in all cases.

In case of intermediate stream operations, you should call the next operation on the Stream returned by the previous operation:

public void multipleFilters_separate() {
    Stream<Double> ints = Stream.of(1.1, 2.2, 3.3);
    ints = ints.filter(d -> d > 1.3);
    ints.filter(d -> d > 2.3).forEach(System.out::println);
}