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Can @Component, @Repository and @Service annotations be used interchangeably in Spring or do they provide any particular functionality besides acting as a notation device?
In other words, if I have a Service class and I change the annotation from @Service to @Component, will it still behave the same way?
Or does the annotation also influence the behavior and functionality of the class?
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Technically, there is no difference between them, but every auto component scan annotation should be used for a special purpose and within the defined layer.
@Service annotation is used with classes that provide some business functionalities. @Repository Annotation is used to indicate that the class provides the mechanism for storage, retrieval, update, delete and search operation on objects. @Service Annotation is a specialization of @Component Annotation.
@Component is a class-level annotation, but @Bean is at the method level, so @Component is only an option when a class's source code is editable. @Bean can always be used, but it's more verbose. @Component is compatible with Spring's auto-detection, but @Bean requires manual class instantiation.
Spring @Repository annotation is used to indicate that the class provides the mechanism for storage, retrieval, search, update and delete operation on objects.
From Spring Documentation:
The
@Repositoryannotation is a marker for any class that fulfils the role or stereotype of a repository (also known as Data Access Object or DAO). Among the uses of this marker is the automatic translation of exceptions, as described in Exception Translation.Spring provides further stereotype annotations:
@Component,@Service, and@Controller.@Componentis a generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component.@Repository,@Service, and@Controllerare specializations of@Componentfor more specific use cases (in the persistence, service, and presentation layers, respectively). Therefore, you can annotate your component classes with@Component, but, by annotating them with@Repository,@Service, or@Controllerinstead, your classes are more properly suited for processing by tools or associating with aspects.For example, these stereotype annotations make ideal targets for pointcuts.
@Repository,@Service, and@Controllercan also carry additional semantics in future releases of the Spring Framework. Thus, if you are choosing between using@Componentor@Servicefor your service layer,@Serviceis clearly the better choice. Similarly, as stated earlier,@Repositoryis already supported as a marker for automatic exception translation in your persistence layer.
| Annotation | Meaning |
|---|---|
@Component | generic stereotype for any Spring-managed component |
@Repository | stereotype for persistence layer |
@Service | stereotype for service layer |
@Controller | stereotype for presentation layer (spring-mvc) |
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