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Protocol: A standard to define a method of exchanging data over a network. If a browser wants to communicate with a server, it has to create an HTTP request and send that HTTP request to the server to convey its request of resources and options. The server receives the request and process it and do the needful and create an HTTP response to send to the browser. The browser has to follow the HTTP specification in creating the HTTP request. The server also has to follow the HTTP specification in creating the HTTP response. This is how the communication between the browser and the server happens in a standard way to avoid conflicts by following the HTTP protocol.
Json Wire Protocol: A client has an object that has to be sent to a server. The client converts this object into a JSON object and sends it to the server. The server parses the JSON object and converts it back to object for use. The server converts the response object into a JSON object and sends it back to the client. The client then converts the JSON object to object for use.
Why the later is called as Json Wire Protocol?
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JSON wire protocol acts as a mediator between client libraries and WebDrivers. It sends transfers data between the client and the server on the web. The server doesn't understand the programming language in which the program is created, it just understands the protocol, and here comes the role of JSON wire Protocol.
What is JSON Wire Protocol, and how does it work with Appium? JSON Wire Protocol is a popular standard that facilitates communication between client libraries and the server in a heterogeneous system. Being a platform-agnostic and language-agnostic tool, Appium makes use of this feature of the JSON Wire Protocol.
WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers.
Page Object Model using Page Factory in Selenium WebDriver. An open source Java library which can be used to serialize and deserialize Java objects to (and from) JSON. JSON is Java Script Object Notation, an open standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of attribute-value pairs.
The JSON wire protocol is a transport mechanism. We can interact with it using a REST API. We can control different browsers/mobile devices and their behavior over a session. JSON is used to represent objects with complex data structures. It is used primarily to transfer data between a server and a client on top of HTTP protocol.
You are pretty correct both about Protocol and JsonWireProtocol. At this point it is worth to mention that, earlier all implementations of WebDriver that communicated with the browser, or a RemoteWebDriver server shall use a common wire protocol. This wire protocol defines a RESTful web service using JSON over HTTP.
A24 JSON Wire protocol is the protocol in which is used when the web driver communicates with the browser. The working of the JSON is as below − In a server-client architecture, it is necessary that the client and server should be in sync and are able to receive and send the request and response.
From Selenium perspective, JSON Wire Protocol is obsolete now and the WebDriver W3C Living Document is the new implementation. The WebDriver protocol is organised into commands.
You are pretty correct both about Protocol and JsonWireProtocol. At this point it is worth to mention that, earlier all implementations of WebDriver that communicated with the browser, or a RemoteWebDriver server shall use a common wire protocol. This wire protocol defines a RESTful web service using JSON over HTTP.
JSON Wire Protocol is an abstract specification of how automation behavior like clicking or typing or whatever you actually want to do with your automation script is mapped to selenium or appium or HTTP requests and response. The protocol will assume that the WebDriver API has been "flattened", but there is an expectation that client implementations will take a more Object-Oriented approach, as demonstrated in the existing Java API. The wire protocol is implemented in request/response pairs of "commands" and "responses".
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight format for data exchange between client and server. Applications use JSON objects to send and receive data between each other in the web world. JSON data structure is industry standard and can be used for sending and receiving data as Key & Value pair. Some people say its a very nice alternative for XML. We can save JSON files as .json extension.
A simple json file looks like below and there are many online editors which can be used to edit and verify JSON structure.
{
"Student":{
"FirstName":"Pawan",
"LastName":"Garia",
"IdNumber":"12345",
"City" : "New Delhi",
"EmailID" : "[email protected]" }
}
To implement a client-server architecture which can give us the following benefits.
So client-server implementation requires a standard set of the specification beforehand so that Server and Client should be in sync with each other in term of what is coming and going on request and response. It’s something like a language of communication with each other. So we need some common specification to solve this kind of requirement and the solution was HTTP.
HTTP is a standard for web and can be a good base for the specification. Every programming language has a good HTTP libraries which can be used for creating client and server for request and response calls.
HTTP request and response are generally made of GET and POST requests which is out of scope for this discussion.
From Selenium perspective, JSON Wire Protocol is obsolete now and the WebDriver W3C Living Document is the new implementation.
The WebDriver protocol is organised into commands. Each HTTP request with a method and template defined in the specification represents a single command and hence each command produces a single HTTP response. In response to a command, the remote end will run a series of actions known as remote end steps. These provide the sequences of actions that a remote end takes when it receives a particular command.
The remote end is an HTTP server reading requests from the client and writing responses typically over a TCP socket. In the specification the communication is modeled as the data transmission between a particular local end and remote end with a connection to which the remote end may write bytes and read bytes. The exact details of how this connection works and how it is established is a bigger topic and out of scope for this question. After a connection has been established, the remote end must read bytes from the connection until a complete HTTP request can be constructed from the data. If it is not possible to construct a complete HTTP request, the remote end must either close the connection, return an HTTP response with status code 500, or return an error with error code unknown error.
Difference between JsonWireProtocol mechanisms and the new standards in W3C Living Document when using Selenium
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