What is the meaning of (OE+)
in the following?
$ sudo cat /proc/modules | grep hello //hello_world is a kernel module created by me.
hello_world 20480 1 - Loading 0xffffffffc0221000 (OE+)
Here is my situation.
I have patched the Linux kernel function load_module()
, which is called from finit_module()
, the system call used by insmod
to insert kernel modules.
The patch looks for a specific module, created by me (called hello_world
) being installed, and when it does, it prevents the call to do_init_module()
, and returns 0 instead. do_init_call()
is responsible for calling a module's init
function, and setting the module state to live (MODULE_STATE_LIVE
).
When I read /proc/modules
, the module state is Loading
, which is expected. I do not understand however the meaning of (OE+)
at the end of output. This is not displayed against any other module, as is verified by the following command.
$ sudo cat /proc/modules | grep OE
hello_world 20480 1 - Loading 0xffffffffc0221000 (OE+)
I am using Linux kernel v4.7.3
.
Update
All this is happening in a Qemu virtual machine. On the host, which is running Linux 4.4.0-36-generic (Ubuntu)
, I get the following.
$ sudo cat /proc/modules | grep OE
vboxpci 24576 0 - Live 0xffffffffc082a000 (OE)
vboxnetadp 28672 0 - Live 0xffffffffc066e000 (OE)
vboxnetflt 28672 0 - Live 0xffffffffc0635000 (OE)
vboxdrv 454656 3 vboxpci,vboxnetadp,vboxnetflt, Live 0xffffffffc0783000 (OE)
sep4_0 671744 0 - Live 0xffffffffc06de000 (OE)
socperf2_0 36864 1 sep4_0, Live 0xffffffffc0660000 (OE)
pax 16384 0 - Live 0xffffffffc05f9000 (OE)
O
means Out-of-tree module has been loaded.E
means Unsigned module has been loaded.+
means that the module is being loaded.-
means that the module is being unloaded.
The source code for print_modules(), then module_flags(), and then print_tainted() functions may be helpful in figuring out the meaning of these and some other flags. Take a look at the comment just above print_tainted()
function. Hope this helps.
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