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Closures in Swift are similar to blocks in C and Objective-C and to lambdas in other programming languages. Closures can capture and store references to any constants and variables from the context in which they're defined. This is known as closing over those constants and variables.
The main difference is that a block simply groups instructions together (for example the body of a while statement), while a closure is a variable that contains some code that can be executed. If you have a closure usually you can pass it as a parameter to functions, currify and decurrify it, and mainly call it!
__block is a storage qualifier that can be used in two ways: Marks that a variable lives in a storage that is shared between the lexical scope of the original variable and any blocks declared within that scope. And clang will generate a struct to represent this variable, and use this struct by reference(not by value).
In Swift, a closure is a special type of function without the function name. For example, { print("Hello World") } Here, we have created a closure that prints Hello World .
Objective-C++ is simply source code that mixes Objective-C classes and C++ classes (two entirely unrelated entities). Your C++ code will work, just as before, and the resulting executable will be linked with the Objective-C runtime, so your Objective-C classes will work as well. You can definitely use it in Xcode -- name your files with the .mm extension.
Also, you might want to read Apple's (sadly deleted, but archived) documentation on Objective-C++.
Objective-C++ is Objective-C (probably with Cocoa Framework) with the ability to link with C++ code (probable classes).
Yes, you can use this language in Xcode to develop for Mac OS X, iPhone/iPodTouch, iPad. It works very well.
You don't have to do anything weird in your project to use Objective-C++. Just name your Objective-C files with the extension .mm (instead of .m) and you are good to go.
It is my favorite architecture: develop base class library of my game/application in C++ so I can reuse it in other platforms (Windows, Linux) and use Cocoa just for the iPhone/iPad UI specific stuff.
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