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First off, here is one my favorite, and relevant XKCDs: 
I often hear of people mentioning Perl or Python as "glue" languages. I understand that being scripting languages has something to do with it. Can you explain what it means to use a glue language, and why these languages are good for this purpose?
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Glue language refers to a programming language that is designed specifically to write and manage program and code, which connects together different software components.
Python is often described as a “glue language,” meaning it can let disparate code (typically libraries with C language interfaces) interoperate. Its use in data science and machine learning is in this vein, but that's just one incarnation of the general idea.
Python is only used to glue those together and for your ease to use. They are used only to control a backend that's written in more efficient language in those cases.
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function together with an environment.
This is similar to the original meaning of a scripting language and fits the UNIX philosophy of combining many small general-purpose tools to create specialized applications:
You do not write the complete application in the language, but rather, you use the language to orchestrate modules written in (possibly many different) other languages, making them work together to form the application. A glue language makes it easy to do that (convenient syntax, good support for inter-process communication and data munging, no compilation step etc).
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