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What for are the commonly used PKCS-Standards: PKCS#7, PKCS#10 and PKCS#12?
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PKCS #11: Cryptographic Token Interface Standard (Cryptoki). Cryptoki defines a technology-independent application programming interface for devices that hold cryptographic information and perform cryptographic functions. It acts as an interface between applications and portable cryptographic devices, like smart cards.
PKCS #7. The main purpose of this standard is the cryptographic message syntax standard. It defines the syntax for the data, which is the resultant form of cryptographic operations, for example, digital signature and digital envelopes.
PKCS #5 is the Password-Based Cryptography Specification and is currently defined by version 2.0 of the specification.
A PKCS#12 or . pfx file is a file which contains both private key and X. 509 certificate, ready to be installed by the customer into servers such as IIS, Tomkat or Exchange. Certificate signing request (CSR) generation remains one of the consistent problem areas faced by customers wishing to secure their server.
PKCS#7 lets you sign and encrypt generic data using X.509 certificates. Also PKCS#7 format can be used to store one or more certificates without private keys (private keys can be put as a data payload and encrypted this way).
PKCS#10 defines format for certificate requests.
PKCS#12 provides a container for one or several certificates with private keys.
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