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Is there an objective definition? Is it implemented as a fragment of python's source code? If so, could someone produce the exact code lines? Have all languages with, say, a 'for' statement iterator protocols of their own?
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An iterator protocol is nothing but a specific class in Python which further has the __next()__ method. Which means every time you ask for the next value, an iterator knows how to compute it. It keeps information about the current state of the iterable it is working on.
iter() is a Python built-in function that returns an iterator object, which is an object that represent some data. For example, it could be used with a . next() method on the iterator that will give you the next element - StopIteration will occur when there are no more elements.
The primary purpose of an iterator is to allow a user to process every element of a container while isolating the user from the internal structure of the container. This allows the container to store elements in any manner it wishes while allowing the user to treat it as if it were a simple sequence or list.
An Iterable is basically an object that any user can iterate over. An Iterator is also an object that helps a user in iterating over another object (that is iterable). Method Used. We can generate an iterator when we pass the object to the iter() method.
It's located here in the docs:
One method needs to be defined for container objects to provide iteration support:
container.__iter__()
Return an iterator object. The object is required to support the iterator protocol described below. If a container supports different types of iteration, additional methods can be provided to specifically request iterators for those iteration types. (An example of an object supporting multiple forms of iteration would be a tree structure which supports both breadth-first and depth-first traversal.) This method corresponds to the tp_iter slot of the type structure for Python objects in the Python/C API.
The iterator objects themselves are required to support the following two methods, which together form the iterator protocol:
iterator.__iter__()
Return the iterator object itself. This is required to allow both containers and iterators to be used with the for and in statements. This method corresponds to the tp_iter slot of the type structure for Python objects in the Python/C API.
iterator.__next__()
Return the next item from the container. If there are no further items, raise the StopIteration exception. This method corresponds to the tp_iternext slot of the type structure for Python objects in the Python/C API.
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