What does the "undefined reference to varName" in C mean?

Question

I have 2 files: a.c and b.c

In a.c I am sending a signal to a function located in b.c

signal(SIGUSR1,doSomething);

On top of the a.c file, I have:

extern void doSomething (int    sig);

When I compile, however, I get an error:

/tmp/ccCw9Yun.o: In function main':
a.c:(.text+0xba): undefined reference todoSomething'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

The following headers are included:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

How do I fix this?

Answer 1

You need to link both a.o and b.o:

gcc -o program a.c b.c

---

If you have a main() in each file, you cannot link them together.

However, your a.c file contains a reference to doSomething() and expects to be linked with a source file that defines doSomething() and does not define any function that is defined in a.c (such as main()).

You cannot call a function in Process B from Process A. You cannot send a signal to a function; you send signals to processes, using the kill() system call.

The signal() function specifies which function in your current process (program) is going to handle the signal when your process receives the signal.

You have some serious work to do understanding how this is going to work - how ProgramA is going to know which process ID to send the signal to. The code in b.c is going to need to call signal() with dosomething as the signal handler. The code in a.c is simply going to send the signal to the other process.

Answer 2

It is very bad style to define external interfaces in .c files. .

You should do this

a.h

    extern void doSomething (int    sig);

a.c

    void doSomething (int    sig)
    {
       ... do stuff 
    }

b.c

#include "a.h"
.....
signal(SIGNAL, doSomething); 

.