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This is a valid python format string:
>>> wierd_format = '[%27he]'
>>> print wierd_format % 2.5
[ 2.500000e+00]
But this isn't:
>>> bad_format = '[%20qe]'
>>> print bad_format % 2.5
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "prog.py", line 5, in <module>
print bad_format % 2.5
ValueError: unsupported format character 'q' (0x71) at index 4
Clearly, h is a supported format character. However, the documentation doesn't mention an h specifier. What does it do?
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A format of . 2f (note the f ) means to display the number with two digits after the decimal point. So the number 1 would display as 1.00 and the number 1.5555 would display as 1.56 . A program can also specify a field width character: x = 0.1.
The reason why there are two is that, %i is just an alternative to %d ,if you want to look at it at a high level (from python point of view). Here's what python.org has to say about %i: Signed integer decimal. And %d: Signed integer decimal. %d stands for decimal and %i for integer.
Python String format() is a function used to replace, substitute, or convert the string with placeholders with valid values in the final string. It is a built-in function of the Python string class, which returns the formatted string as an output. The placeholders inside the string are defined in curly brackets.
%s is used as a placeholder for string values you want to inject into a formatted string. %d is used as a placeholder for numeric or decimal values. For example (for python 3) print ('%s is %d years old' % ('Joe', 42)) Would output Joe is 42 years old.
From the docs:
A length modifier (
h,l, orL) may be present, but is ignored as it is not necessary for Python – so e.g.%ldis identical to%d.
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