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I am studying CS and when I studied about buffers, I got confused with high water marks and low water marks. Can someone explain what are they.
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According to FIPS 200, a “high water mark” is the highest potential impact value assigned to each security objective for each type of information resident on those information systems. Example 1. A system has two moderate risk applications and one high risk application residing on it, the overall impact rating is high ...
The high-water mark is an index into the log file that records the last log entry that is known to have successfully replicated to a Quorum of followers. The leader also passes on the high-water mark to its followers during its replication.
A high-water mark is the highest peak in value that an investment fund or account has reached. This term is often used in the context of fund manager compensation, which is performance-based.
Hydrologists often visit streams after a large storm to check for high-water marks. If, for example, records show that stream stage reached 17 feet during a storm, a high-water mark will show the hydrologist what a stage of 17 feet means in terms of how high the water was on the riverbanks and surrounding land.
A buffer is used to temporarily store some amount of data. Buffers can have a limited size, or be unlimited (considering the RAM in your computer is limited, one could argue that every buffer is limited). In your picture, the buffer is limited, which means it is only able to store some amount of data, for example 100 or 1000 data packages.
The buffer gets filled by data sent from the Media Server. How should the media server know, how much data it should send? Typically, if the buffer contains less items than the "low-water mark", the Media Player can tell the Media Server over the Control data channel something like "send me more data". If the buffer is then filled up and contains more than "high-water mark" items, the media player can signal "send me less data".
So, the high- and low-water marks can be interpreted as fill-percentages of the buffer where the buffer might no longer operate successfully, either because it might soon be empty (being at the low-water mark or even lower), or because it might soon be full and thus no longer able to store more items (when being at or over the high-water mark).
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