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Please let me know what architecture do VoIP applications use, P2P or Client-Server?
Thank you.
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Peer-to-peer SIP (P2P-SIP) is an implementation of a distributed voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or instant messaging communications application using a peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture in which session control between communication end points is facilitated with the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
SIP-based IP telephony can be treated as a P2P system with static set of super-nodes (SIP servers) where the lookup is based on DNS instead of a hash key.
The primary difference between these two terms is that, in a peer-to-peer network, every node can ask for assistance and deliver services. While in a client-server network, the client nodes demand services and the server node answers with assistance.
The client server network is more stable as compared to the peer to peer networks. The client server networks can be used for small and large networks but the peer to peer networks can be suited only for the small networks.
Some of each in general. There are three protocols involved, usually. One of them, for example SIP, is used to establish the connection. you need a server for that because someone has to establish the original connection; that means advertising availability and such. The other two are essentially always RTP and RTCP -- "real time protocol" and "real time control protocol", and those are better P2P, because you want fast transmission with no intermediate bottleneck.
There's a nice article on the whole discussion here.
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There's usually some kind of "presense server": devices register ("I exist here!") and calls are established via the server (when you say "I want to connect to device (555) 555-1234" that connection request is routed via presence servers).
After the call is established and the real-time voice/media is streaming, that traffic is usually peer-to-peer (bypassing any central server), except if there's a complication like both devices being behind firewalls.
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