Using std::accumulate

Question

I always try to incorporate STL algorithms wherever I can, rather than writing manual loops. However, I'm having difficulty understanding how std::accumulate is generally useful. Whenever I need to calculate sums or averages, I almost always end up resorting to manual loops, because I have difficulty getting std::accumulate to do what I need.

The problem is that I rarely ever have a simple vector of integers that need to be summed. Usually, I want to sum an array of objects using a particular member variable. Yes, I know there is a version of std::accumulate that takes a BinaryFunction, but the problem I see is that this function needs to take two values of type T, where T is the type of the sum, rather than the type of the operands. I'm having trouble understanding how this is useful.

Consider a case which I assume is pretty common. I have the following class:

struct Foo
{
    Foo(int cost_, int id_) : cost(cost_), id(id_)
    { }

    int cost;
    int id;
};

Now, say I want to calculate the sum of an array of Foo objects, using Foo::cost.

I want to say:

std::vector<Foo> vec;
// fill vector with values
int total_cost = std::accumulate(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 0, sum_cost);

And sum_cost is defined as:

int sum_cost(const Foo& f1, const Foo& f2)
{
    return f1.cost + f2.cost;
}

The problem is, this doesn't work because std::accumulate expects a BinaryFunction which takes in two instances of the resulting sum type - which in this case is just int. But how is that useful to me? If my BinaryFunction takes in two ints, I can't specify that I want to sum the cost field.

So, why is std::accumulate designed this way? Am I just not seeing something obvious here?

Answer 1

You're wrong about accumulate operator taking two of the same type. It does that only if you want to. The use the operator is specifically sum = op(sum, *iter). Thus your code:

int count = std::accumulate(stuff.begin(), stuff.end(), 0, [](int current_sum, stuff_value_t const& value) { return current_sum + value.member; });

If you can't use lambda then of course you use the standard binders or boost::bind.

Answer 2

use functor:

class F { // sum Foos
    F(int init = 0);
    template<class T>
    Foo operator()(const Foo &a, const T &b) const;
    operator int() const;
};

int total_cost = std::accumulate(vec.begin(), vec.end(), F(0), F());

notice you can do other things as well:

class F { // sum foo values members
    template<class T>
    T operator()(const T &a, const Foo &b) const;
};
int total_cost = std::accumulate(vec.begin(), vec.end(), int(0), F());