If you want to print a non-null-terminated string with interior null, you cannot use a single printf. Use fwrite instead: fwrite(string, 1, length, stdout);
printf does nothing related to null terminate expect its own print processing. It only accepts char* as input.
Many library functions accept a string or wide string argument with the constraint that the string they receive is properly null-terminated. Passing a character sequence or wide character sequence that is not null-terminated to such a function can result in accessing memory that is outside the bounds of the object.
That means that printf , or any other function receiving a C string, will read the pointed memory till it encounters a null character. In your case there's no null terminator in str , so printf will keep reading from whatever memory comes next. This is undefined behavior.
There is a possibility with printf, it goes like this:
printf("%.*s", stringLength, pointerToString);
No need to copy anything, no need to modify the original string or buffer.
Here is an explanation of how %.*s
works, and where it's specified.
The conversion specifications in a printf template string have the general form:
% [ param-no $] flags width [ . precision ] type conversion
or
% [ param-no $] flags width . * [ param-no $] type conversion
The second form is for getting the precision from the argument list:
You can also specify a precision of ‘*’. This means that the next argument in the argument list (before the actual value to be printed) is used as the precision. The value must be an int, and is ignored if it is negative.
— Output conversion syntax in the glibc manual
For %s
string formatting, precision has a special meaning:
A precision can be specified to indicate the maximum number of characters to write; otherwise characters in the string up to but not including the terminating null character are written to the output stream.
— Other output conversions in the glibc manual
Other useful variants:
"%*.*s", maxlen, maxlen, val
will right-justify, inserting spaces before;"%-*.*s", maxlen, maxlen, val
will left-justify.You can use an fwrite() to stdout!
fwrite(your_string, sizeof(char), number_of_chars, stdout);
This way you will output the first chars (number defined in number_of_chars variable ) to a file, in this case to stdout (the standard output, your screen)!
printf("%.*s", length, string)
will NOT work.
This means to print UP TO length bytes OR a null byte, whichever comes first. If your non-null-terminated array-of-char contains null bytes BEFORE the length, printf will stop on those, and not continue.
printf("%.5s", pointerToNonNullTerminatedString);
The string length will be 5.
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
/*suppose a string str which is not null terminated and n is its length*/
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%c",str[i]);
}
return 0;
}
I edited the code,heres another way:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf ("%.5s","fahaduddin");/*if 5 is the number of bytes to be printed and fahaduddin is the string.*/
return 0;
}
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