Useful code which uses reduce()? [closed]

Question

The other uses I've found for it besides + and * were with and and or, but now we have any and all to replace those cases.

foldl and foldr do come up in Scheme a lot...

Here's some cute usages:

Flatten a list

Goal: turn [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8]] into [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

reduce(list.__add__, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8]], [])

List of digits to a number

Goal: turn [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] into 12345678.

Ugly, slow way:

int("".join(map(str, [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])))

Pretty reduce way:

reduce(lambda a,d: 10*a+d, [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], 0)

reduce() can be used to find Least common multiple for 3 or more numbers:

#!/usr/bin/env python
from fractions import gcd
from functools import reduce

def lcm(*args):
    return reduce(lambda a,b: a * b // gcd(a, b), args)

Example:

>>> lcm(100, 23, 98)
112700
>>> lcm(*range(1, 20))
232792560

reduce() could be used to resolve dotted names (where eval() is too unsafe to use):

>>> import __main__
>>> reduce(getattr, "os.path.abspath".split('.'), __main__)
<function abspath at 0x009AB530>

Find the intersection of N given lists:

input_list = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]]

result = reduce(set.intersection, map(set, input_list))

returns:

result = set([3, 4, 5])

via: Python - Intersection of two lists

I think reduce is a silly command. Hence:

reduce(lambda hold,next:hold+chr(((ord(next.upper())-65)+13)%26+65),'znlorabggbbhfrshy','')