Use both AddDbContextFactory() and AddDbContext() extension methods in the same project

Question

I'm trying to use the new DbContextFactory pattern discussed in the DbContext configuration section of the EF Core docs.

I've got the DbContextFactory up and running successfully in my Blazor app, but I want to retain the option to inject instances of DbContext directly in order to keep my existing code working.

However, when I try to do that, I'm getting an error along the lines of:

System.AggregateException: Some services are not able to be constructed (Error while validating the service descriptor 'ServiceType: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.IDbContextFactory1[MyContext] Lifetime: Singleton ImplementationType: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal.DbContextFactory1[MyContext]': Cannot consume scoped service 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions1[MyContext]' from singleton 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.IDbContextFactory1[MyContext]'.) ---> System.InvalidOperationException: Error while validating the service descriptor 'ServiceType: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.IDbContextFactory1[MyContext] Lifetime: Singleton ImplementationType: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Internal.DbContextFactory1[MyContext]': Cannot consume scoped service 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions1[MyContext]' from singleton 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.IDbContextFactory1[MyContext]'. ---> System.InvalidOperationException: Cannot consume scoped service 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions1[MyContext]' from singleton 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.IDbContextFactory1[MyContext]'.

I also managed to get this error at one point while experimenting:

Cannot resolve scoped service 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContextOptions`1[MyContext]' from root provider.

Is it theoretically possible to use both AddDbContext and AddDbContextFactory together?

Answer 1

It is, it's all about understanding the lifetimes of the various elements in play and getting those set correctly.

By default the DbContextFactory created by the AddDbContextFactory() extension method has a Singleton lifespan. If you use the AddDbContext() extension method with it's default settings it will create a DbContextOptions with a Scoped lifespan (see the source-code here), and as a Singleton can't use something with a shorter Scoped lifespan, an error is thrown.

To get round this, we need to change the lifespan of the DbContextOptions to also be 'Singleton'. This can be done using by explicitly setting the scope of the DbContextOptions parameter of AddDbContext()

services.AddDbContext<FusionContext>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(YourSqlConnection),
    contextLifetime: ServiceLifetime.Transient, 
    optionsLifetime: ServiceLifetime.Singleton);

There's a really good discussion of this on the EF core GitHub repository starting here. It's also well worth having a look at the source-code for DbContextFactory here.

Alternatively, you can also change the lifetime of the DbContextFactory by setting the ServiceLifetime parameter in the constructor:

services.AddDbContextFactory<FusionContext>(options => 
    options.UseSqlServer(YourSqlConnection), 
    ServiceLifetime.Scoped);

The options should be configured exactly as you would for a normal DbContext as those are the options that will be set on the DbContext the factory creates.