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Can you explain in a few sentences:
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Unit testing refers to the testing of individual components in the source code, such as classes and their provided methods. The writing of tests reveals whether each class and method observes or deviates from the guideline of each method and class having a single, clear responsibility.
Unit testing efficiently checks for the functions or calculations that provide resulting data—a numerical value, a text string, etc. End-to-end testing tests all layers of the application at once; it's best-suited to make sure buttons, forms, changes, links, and generally entire workflows function without problems.
If a JUnit test method is declared as "private", it compiles successfully. But the execution will fail. This is because JUnit requires that all test methods must be declared as "public".
End-to-end testing is a testing process in which the tester tests a software application from the user's perspective. Unit testing is a testing process where the developer verifies that individual units of source code work correctly.
Why we need it / why they make our life easier ?
How to unit-test [simple example in Java] ?
Check out the JUnit website and the JUnit cookbook for details. There isn't much to writing JUnit test cases. Actually coming up with good test cases is surely harder than the actual implementation.
When do not we need them / types of projects we can leave unit-testing out?
Don't try to test every method in a class, but rather focus on testing the functionality of a class. Beans for example, you won't write tests for the getters and setters...
Links
JUnit - Unit testing
EclEmma - test coverage tool
link text - Wikipedia link to unit testing
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