TMUX setting environment variables for sessions

Question

I work in a situation where I have multiple projects and within each are many scripts that make use of environment variables set to values specific to that project.

What i'd like to do is use a separate tmux session for each project and set the variables so that they are set for all windows in that session.

I tried to use the set-environment option which works using the -g option but then sets the variable for all sessions connected to that server.

Without the -g option I see its set when using show-environment but can't access the variable in the shell.

Has anyone come up with a way of fixing this?

Using tmux 1.8 and tcsh

Answer 1

I figured out a way to do this. I'm using tmux 2.5.

Background

In the tmux man page, it states that there are two groups of environment variables: global and per-session. When you create a new tmux session, it will merge the two groups together and that becomes the set of environment variables available within the session. If the environment variables get added to the global group, it appears that they get shared between all open sessions. You want to add them to the per-session group.

Do this

Step 1: Create a tmux session.

tmux new-session -s one 

Step 2: Add an environment variable to the per-session group.

tmux setenv FOO foo-one 

This adds the environment variable to per-session set of environment variables. If you type tmux showenv, you'll see it in the output. However, it isn't in the environment of the current session. Typing echo $FOO won't give you anything. There's probably a better way to do this, but I found it easiest to just export it manually:

export FOO='foo-one' 

Step 3: Create new windows/panes

Now, every time you create a new window or pane in the current session, tmux will grab the FOO environment variable from the per-session group.

Automating it

I use bash scripts to automatically create tmux sessions that make use of these environment variables. Here's an example of how I might automate the above:

#!/bin/bash BAR='foo-one' tmux new-session -s one \; \   setenv FOO $BAR \; \   send-keys -t 0 "export FOO="$BAR C-m \; \   split-window -v \; \   send-keys -t 0 'echo $FOO' C-m \; \   send-keys -t 1 'echo $FOO' C-m 

Answer 2

You can access tmux (local) environment variables for each session, while in a session, with the command:

bash> tmux show-environment 

If you add the -g parameter you get the environment for all sessions, i.e. the global environment. The local environments are NOT the same as the global environment. The previous command prints the entire local environment, but you can also look at just one variable:

bash> tmux show-environment variable_name           variable_name=value 

To get the value, you could use some 'sed' magic or use 'export' on a single variable, or you can even 'export' the entire environment to your shell. Below are the 3 approaches.

bash> tmux show-environment variable_name | sed "s:^.*=::"          value  bash> eval "export $(tmux show-environment variable_name)" bash> echo $variable_name          value      bash> for var in $(tmux show-environment | grep -v "^-"); do eval "export $var"; done; bash> echo $variable_name          value     

If needed, you can just add the -g parameter after the show-environment command if you want to access the global environment.