Timeout a command in bash without unnecessary delay

Question

This answer to Command line command to auto-kill a command after a certain amount of time

proposes a 1-line method to timeout a long-running command from the bash command line:

( /path/to/slow command with options ) & sleep 5 ; kill $! 

But it's possible that a given "long-running" command may finish earlier than the timeout.
(Let's call it a "typically-long-running-but-sometimes-fast" command, or tlrbsf for fun.)

So this nifty 1-liner approach has a couple of problems.
First, the sleep isn't conditional, so that sets an undesirable lower bound on the time taken for the sequence to finish. Consider 30s or 2m or even 5m for the sleep, when the tlrbsf command finishes in 2 seconds — highly undesirable.
Second, the kill is unconditional, so this sequence will attempt to kill a non-running process and whine about it.

So...

Is there a way to timeout a typically-long-running-but-sometimes-fast ("tlrbsf") command that

• has a bash implementation (the other question already has Perl and C answers)
• will terminate at the earlier of the two: tlrbsf program termination, or timeout elapsed
• will not kill non-existing/non-running processes (or, optionally: will not complain about a bad kill)
• doesn't have to be a 1-liner
• can run under Cygwin or Linux

... and, for bonus points

• runs the tlrbsf command in the foreground
• any 'sleep' or extra process in the background

such that the stdin/stdout/stderr of the tlrbsf command can be redirected, same as if it had been run directly?

If so, please share your code. If not, please explain why.

I have spent awhile trying to hack the aforementioned example but I'm hitting the limit of my bash skills.

Answer 1

You are probably looking for the timeout command in coreutils. Since it's a part of coreutils, it is technically a C solution, but it's still coreutils. info timeout for more details. Here's an example:

timeout 5 /path/to/slow/command with options 

Answer 2

I think this is precisely what you are asking for:

http://www.bashcookbook.com/bashinfo/source/bash-4.0/examples/scripts/timeout3

#!/bin/bash # # The Bash shell script executes a command with a time-out. # Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If the signal # is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it. # # Based on the Bash documentation example.  # Hello Chet, # please find attached a "little easier"  :-)  to comprehend # time-out example.  If you find it suitable, feel free to include # anywhere: the very same logic as in the original examples/scripts, a # little more transparent implementation to my taste. # # Dmitry V Golovashkin <[email protected]>  scriptName="${0##*/}"  declare -i DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=9 declare -i DEFAULT_INTERVAL=1 declare -i DEFAULT_DELAY=1  # Timeout. declare -i timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT # Interval between checks if the process is still alive. declare -i interval=DEFAULT_INTERVAL # Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the process by SIGKILL. declare -i delay=DEFAULT_DELAY  function printUsage() {     cat <<EOF  Synopsis     $scriptName [-t timeout] [-i interval] [-d delay] command     Execute a command with a time-out.     Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If SIGTERM     signal is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.      -t timeout         Number of seconds to wait for command completion.         Default value: $DEFAULT_TIMEOUT seconds.      -i interval         Interval between checks if the process is still alive.         Positive integer, default value: $DEFAULT_INTERVAL seconds.      -d delay         Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the         process by SIGKILL. Default value: $DEFAULT_DELAY seconds.  As of today, Bash does not support floating point arithmetic (sleep does), therefore all delay/time values must be integers. EOF }  # Options. while getopts ":t:i:d:" option; do     case "$option" in         t) timeout=$OPTARG ;;         i) interval=$OPTARG ;;         d) delay=$OPTARG ;;         *) printUsage; exit 1 ;;     esac done shift $((OPTIND - 1))  # $# should be at least 1 (the command to execute), however it may be strictly # greater than 1 if the command itself has options. if (($# == 0 || interval <= 0)); then     printUsage     exit 1 fi  # kill -0 pid   Exit code indicates if a signal may be sent to $pid process. (     ((t = timeout))      while ((t > 0)); do         sleep $interval         kill -0 $$ || exit 0         ((t -= interval))     done      # Be nice, post SIGTERM first.     # The 'exit 0' below will be executed if any preceeding command fails.     kill -s SIGTERM $$ && kill -0 $$ || exit 0     sleep $delay     kill -s SIGKILL $$ ) 2> /dev/null &  exec "$@"