The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'tx:annotation-driven'

Question

I am trying to configure JSF+Spring+hibernate and I'm tying to run a test but when I use this "tx:annotation-driven" on my application-context.xml file, I get this error:

The matching wildcard is strict, but no declaration can be found for element 'tx:annotation-driven'

Here is my application-context.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.6.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.6.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.6.xsd " xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool">     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">         <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"/>         <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.56.101:1521:Gpsi"/>         <property name="username" value="omar"/>         <property name="password" value="omar"/>     </bean>      <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>        <property name="annotatedClasses">             <list>                 <value>om.mycompany.model.Course</value>                 <value>om.mycompany.model.Student</value>                 <value>om.mycompany.model.Teacher</value>             </list>        </property>        <property name="hibernateProperties">             <props>                 <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>             </props>        </property>      </bean>     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>     </bean>     <tx:annotation-driven transaction.manager="transactionManager"/>      <context:annotation-config/>     <context:component-scan base.package="com.mmycompany"/> </beans> 

and here is my CourseServiceImplTest. I have still not implemented the tests:

public class CourseServiceImplTest {      private static ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;     private static CourseService courseService;     public CourseServiceImplTest() {     }      @BeforeClass     public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {         context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application-context.xml");         courseService=(CourseService) context.getBean("courseService");     }      @AfterClass     public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {         context.close();     }      @Before     public void setUp() {     }      @After     public void tearDown() {     }      /**      * Test of getAllCourses method, of class CourseServiceImpl.      */     @Test     public void testGetAllCourses() {         System.out.println("getAllCourses");         CourseServiceImpl instance = new CourseServiceImpl();         List expResult = null;         List result = instance.getAllCourses();         assertEquals(expResult, result);         // TODO review the generated test code and remove the default call to fail.         fail("The test case is a prototype.");     }      /**      * Test of getCourse method, of class CourseServiceImpl.      */     @Test     public void testGetCourse() {         System.out.println("getCourse");         Integer id = null;         CourseServiceImpl instance = new CourseServiceImpl();         Course expResult = null;         Course result = instance.getCourse(id);         assertEquals(expResult, result);         // TODO review the generated test code and remove the default call to fail.         fail("The test case is a prototype.");     } 

and here is the CourseServiceImpl:

@Service("courseService") @Transactional public class CourseServiceImpl implements CourseService{      @Autowired     private SessionFactory sessionFactory;     @Override     public List<Course> getAllCourses() {         return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Course").list();         }      @Override     public Course getCourse(Integer id) {         return (Course) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(Course.class, id);     }      @Override     public void save(Course course) {        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(course);     }  } 

Answer 1

You have some errors in your appcontext.xml:

• Use *-2.5.xsd

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" 

• Typos in tx:annotation-driven and context:component-scan (. instead of -)

  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mmycompany" /> 

Answer 2

This is for others (like me :) ). Don't forget to add the spring tx jar/maven dependency. Also correct configuration in appctx is:

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd"

, by mistake wrong configuration which others may have

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd" 

i.e., extra "/spring-tx-3.1.xsd"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd"

in other words what is there in xmlns(namespace) should have proper mapping in schemaLocation (namespace vs schema).

namespace here is : http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx

schema Doc Of namespace is : http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd

this schema of namespace later is mapped in jar to locate the path of actual xsd located in org.springframework.transaction.config