Failed to load ApplicationContext for JUnit test of Spring controller

Question

I want to write a test case to check my controller (getPersons). This is a server side code. I have confusion what should i put inside @ContextConfiguration(locations={"file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/app-contest.xml"})

Secondly, I'm getting some errors like this:

Failed to load application context. Can not find the path [which I specified in @ContextConfiguration]

I have a structure like this:

 restAPI     *src/main/java       com.company.controller          personController.java     *Test       com.company.testController          personControllerTest.java     *src       main        webapp          WEBINF            app-context.xml   @Autowired private PersonService personService;  @RequestMapping(value="/t2/{yy_id}/person", method=RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public PersonInfo[] getPersons() {      return personService.getPersons(); } 

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This is my Test

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:WEB-INF/app-context.xml"}) @WebAppConfiguration public class PersonControllerTest  {   @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac;  private MockMvc mockMvc;  @Before public void setup() {     this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); }  @Autowired private PersonService personService;  @Test public void getPersons() throws Exception {      this.mockMvc.perform(get("/t2/1/person")             .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))             .andExpect(status().isOk());  } 

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Trace

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:103)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:73)     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:313)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [WEB-INF/application-context.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/application-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:341)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.GenericXmlWebContextLoader.loadBeanDefinitions(GenericXmlWebContextLoader.java:38)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:113)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:59)     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)     ... 24 more Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/app-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist     at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:157)     at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:328) 

Can some one please help me out to figure it out what's wrong here?

Answer 1

As mentioned in the discussion: WEB-INF is not really part of the class path. If you use a common template, such as maven, use src/main/resources or src/test/resources to place the app-context.xml in. Then you can use classpath:.

Place your config file in src/main/resources/app-context.xml and use the following code:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:app-context.xml") public class PersonControllerTest {   ... } 

You can also create your test context with different configurations of beans.

Place your config file into src/test/resources/test-app-context.xml and use:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:test-app-context.xml") public class PersonControllerTest {   ... } 

Answer 2

There can be multiple root causes for this exception. For me, my mockMvc wasn't getting auto-configured. I solved this exception by using @WebMvcTest(MyController.class) at the class level. This annotation will disable full auto-configuration and instead apply only configuration relevant to MVC tests.

An alternative to this is, If you are looking to load your full application configuration and use MockMVC, you should consider @SpringBootTest combined with @AutoConfigureMockMvc rather than @WebMvcTest