Struggling to parse (bash) time command

Question

I'm struggling to parse the output of the time command in bash - and even to stop it from printing out its output when I call it. This is my test code:

#!/bin/bash
TIME=`time ls -lh > /dev/null`
echo "Testing..."
echo $TIME

This currently prints out:

{blank-line}
real    0m0.064s
user    0m0.002s
sys     0m0.005s
Testing
{blank-line}

So, it seems like the value assigned to $TIME is the blank line at the start of the time print-out. I need to get at the seconds value of the sys line - that is, the "0.005". I am guaranteed that I will only ever have seconds, so I do not need anything before the "m" - however, the seconds part may be in the form of xx.xxx if it goes >= 10 seconds. I currently have no idea how to suppress the 'time' output, capture it all instead of the blank line, nor parse it to get the values I need.

Any help would be much appreciated...

Answer 1

If you use the Bash builtin time, you can control its output by setting the TIMEFORMAT variable:

TIMEFORMAT=%R

and you won't have to do any parsing since that will cause time to only output the number of seconds.

and use this:

echo "Testing..."
TIME=$( { time ls -lh > /dev/null; } 2>&1 )
echo $TIME

or one of the other techniques from BashFAQ/032.

Answer 2

First and foremost, the data you're trying to capture is being written to standard error. But capturing that output is fairly tricky in this case.

time is both an executable (in /usr/bin) as well as built-in shell command in bash and other shells. When you execute time without specifying /usr/bin/time, you are executing a built-in command in bash. This makes it hard to do things with the output, since bash does not treat it like a normal program; it's a special built-in function written by bash.

Knowing that, and looking at the man page for time(1), I can see that the data you're trying to capture from time is outputted to stderr. So my workaround for this is to directly execute /usr/bin/time as follows:

TIME=`/usr/bin/time ls -lh 2>&1 >/dev/null`

This copies the standard error stream to standard out, and then redirects what normally goes to standard out to /dev/null. Standard error, however, will still go to standard out since it was duplicated before the redirection. Reversing the order of these will not work. (Yes, this is confusing.)

Unfortunately, /usr/bin/time is a bit less precise in its output:

    0.00 real         0.00 user         0.00 sys

---

Alternatively, you can use 2 sub-shells, as follows:

TIME=$((time ls -lh >/dev/null) 2>&1)

This would re-write what is written to standard error on the second subshell within the first, allowing you to capture the output. See http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/subshells.html for more on sub-shells.