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Could someone tell me what's the purpose of declaring static functions outside classes? What's the difference between this 2? Are there any benefits for using static in this situation?
static void someRandomFunction(); int main() { someRandomFunction(); return 0; } and
void someRandomFunction(); int main() { someRandomFunction(); return 0; } 
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No. The static keeps the function in file scope with internal linking only.
A static member function can be called even if no objects of the class exist and the static functions are accessed using only the class name and the scope resolution operator ::. A static member function can only access static data member, other static member functions and any other functions from outside the class.
A static method without a class does not make any sense at all. The static keywords signals that this method is identical for all instances of the class. This enables you to call it.. well.. statically on the class itself instead of on one of its instances.
You'll be free to change it in the future, or even delete it, without breaking anything outside that class. And yeah, make it static, because you can. In Python, there is no way to make a method truly private, but by convention, prefixing the method name by a _ means it should be treated as private.
Static member functions can also be defined outside of the class declaration. This works the same way as for normal member functions. Note that because all the data and functions in this class are static, we don’t need to instantiate an object of the class to make use of its functionality!
Static functions are associated with the class, not an instance of the class. They are permitted to access only static methods and static variables. To add a static method to the class, static keyword is used.
They can be invoked directly outside the class by using scope resolution operator (::) as follows: Example: This example illustrates static function as counter. echo 'The next value is: '. When to define static methods ? The static keyword is used in the context of variables and methods that are common to all the objects of the class.
I have some static functions in a Python class. The advantage to using the @staticmethod decorator is that it informs the reader that the method doesn't require any information from the class or instance.
At namespace scope, static gives a name internal linkage, meaning that it is only accessible within the translation unit that contains the definition. Without static, it has external linkage, and is accessible in any translation unit.
So you'd use static (or, alternatively, an unnamed namespace) when writing a function that's only intended for use within this unit; the internal linkage means that other units can define different functions with the same name without causing naming conflicts.
Non-static functions (and global names in general) are better declared in a header, to make sure that every translation unit that uses them gets the same declaration.
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