I cannot pass lambda as std::function

Question

Let's focus on this example:

template<typename T> class C{     public:     void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)>& f){         //Do Something     } }; 

And now, I am trying:

std::vector<int> vec; auto lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); }; C<int> c; c.func(vec, lambda); 

It causes errors:

no matching function for call to ‘C<int>::func(std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >&, main()::<lambda(const string&)>&)’      ref.parse(vec, lambda); 

Please explain me what is not ok and how to implement it with std::bind as well.

Answer 1

It's because a lambda function is not a std::function<...>. The type of

auto lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); }; 

is not std::function<int(const std::string&)>, but something unspecified which can be assigned to a std::function. Now, when you call your method, the compiler complains that the types don't match, as conversion would mean to create a temporary which cannot bind to a non-const reference.

This is also not specific to lambda functions as the error happens when you pass a normal function. This won't work either:

int f(std::string const&) {return 0;}  int main() {     std::vector<int> vec;     C<int> c;     c.func(vec, f); } 

You can either assign the lambda to a std::function

std::function<int(const std::string&)> lambda = [](const std::string& s) { return std::stoi(s); }; 

,change your member-function to take the function by value or const-reference or make the function parameter a template type. This will be slightly more efficient in case you pass a lambda or normal function pointer, but I personally like the expressive std::function type in the signature.

template<typename T> class C{     public:     void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)> f){         //Do Something     }      // or     void func(std::vector<T>& vec, std::function<T( const std::string)> const& f){         //Do Something     }      // or     template<typename F> func(std::vector<T>& vec, F f){         //Do Something     } };