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When I use "++" to combine a lot of RDDs, I got error stack over flow error.
Spark version 1.3.1 Environment: yarn-client. --driver-memory 8G
The number of RDDs is more than 4000. Each RDD is read from a text file with size of 1 GB.
It is generated in this way
val collection = (for (
path <- files
) yield sc.textFile(path)).reduce(_ union _)
It works fine when files has small size.
And there is the error
The error repeats itself. I guess it is a recursion function which is called too many time?
Exception at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:217)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD$$anonfun$1.apply(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD$$anonfun$1.apply(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.IndexedSeqOptimized$class.foreach(IndexedSeqOptimized.scala:33)
at scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray.foreach(WrappedArray.scala:34)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.map(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.AbstractTraversable.map(Traversable.scala:105)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD.getPartitions(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:219)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:217)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:120)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:217)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD$$anonfun$1.apply(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD$$anonfun$1.apply(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.IndexedSeqOptimized$class.foreach(IndexedSeqOptimized.scala:33)
at scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray.foreach(WrappedArray.scala:34)
at scala.collection.TraversableLike$class.map(TraversableLike.scala:244)
at scala.collection.AbstractTraversable.map(Traversable.scala:105)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.UnionRDD.getPartitions(UnionRDD.scala:66)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:219)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:217)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:120)
.....
538
In RDD data is available at all times. However RDD are slow and hard to code hence outdated. It has been replaced by concept of DataFrame and Dataset.
The next reason to not use RDD is the API it provides. Most of the operations like counting, grouping, etc. are pretty straightforward and easy-to-use APIs functions are built-in. But when it comes to operations like aggregation or finding averages, it becomes really hard to code using RDD.
RDD operations are executed in parallel on each partition. Tasks are executed on the Worker Nodes where the data is stored.
RDD is slower than both Dataframes and Datasets to perform simple operations like grouping the data. It provides an easy API to perform aggregation operations. It performs aggregation faster than both RDDs and Datasets. Dataset is faster than RDDs but a bit slower than Dataframes.
Use SparkContext.union(...) instead to union many RDDs at once.
You don't want to do it one at a time like that since RDD.union() creates a new step in the lineage (an extra set of stack frames on any computation) for each RDD, whereas SparkContext.union() makes it all at once. This will insure not getting a stack-overflow error.
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