Shorter way of if statements in python [duplicate]

Question

l = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
if "a" in l and "b" in l and "c" in l and "d" in l:
   pass

What's a shorter way of writing this if statement?

Tried:

if ("a" and "b" and "c" and "d") in l:
    pass

But this seems to be incorrect. What's the correct way? Python 3

Answer 1

An idea might be to use all(..) and a generator:

if all(x in l for x in ['a','b','c','d']):
    pass

All takes as input any kind of iterable and checks that for all elements the iterable emits, bool(..) is True.

Now within all we use a generator. A generator works like:

<expr> for <var> in <other-iterable>

(with no braces)

It thus takes every element in the <other-iterable> and calls the <expr> on it. In this case the <expr> is x in l, and x is the <var>:

#         <var>
#           |
 x in l for x in ['a','b','c','d']
#\----/          \---------------/
#<expr>           <other-iterable>

Further explanation of generators.

Answer 2

You can use sets:

l = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' }

if { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' } <= l:
    pass