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I have a board that has this CPU:
# uname -a
Linux gw-9167 4.4.24 #1 Thu Mar 28 17:52:19 UTC 2019 armv5tejl GNU/Linux
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)
BogoMIPS : 226.09
Features : swp half fastmult edsp java
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 5TEJ
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0x926
CPU revision : 5
Hardware : Freescale MXS (Device Tree)
Revision : 0000
Serial : 0000000000000000
I'm trying to cross-compile a simple Rust hello world to it:
[0] [05:56:25] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > /bin/cat .cargo/config
[target.armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi]
linker = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
[target.armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi]
linker = "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
[0] [05:56:34] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > env RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=arm926ej-s" cargo build --target=armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi --release
Compiling gw-test v0.1.0 (/home/cecile/repos/gw-test)
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.28s
[0] [05:56:51] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > qemu-arm -L /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi -cpu arm926 target/armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi/release/gw-test
Hello, world!
When I run it on the board itself, it segfaults immediately:
[0] [05:57:09] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > scp ......
gw-test 100% 1781KB 906.4KB/s 00:01
[0] [05:58:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ...... /tmp/gw-test
Segmentation fault
[139] [05:58:47] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ..... strace /tmp/gw-test
execve("/tmp/gw-test", ["/tmp/gw-test"], [/* 9 vars */]) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
--- SIGSEGV {si_signo=SIGSEGV, si_code=SI_KERNEL, si_addr=0} ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV +++
Segmentation fault
What is the content of your main.rs?
Nothing! It's just the default hello world generated by Cargo
EINVALAn ELF executable had more than onePT_INTERPsegment (i.e., tried to name more than one interpreter).
Now that's really weird because I also read in the doc: "If the executable is a dynamically linked ELF executable, the interpreter named in the PT_INTERP segment is used to load the needed shared libraries." and I have compiled with musl. It should be static (at least it says it is when I run ldd from the host machine on it).
Try to attach a debugger, either directly via gdb or remotely by using gdbserver.
I understand. I will try to see how to do it remotely as you suggested.
It seems like an error from strace and not from your process.
It makes sense.
What happens when you run it without strace? Is there a core dump?
It's in the log I already shared.
[0] [05:58:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ssh ...... /tmp/gw-test
Segmentation fault
You are using arm-none-eabi-gcc, which is not targetting any operating system. Check readelf --headers ~/r/gw-test and compare it with a binary that does work, like /bin/cat or something.
Here is the output of readelf --headers on the binary I made and on cat:
[0] [08:11:23] ~ > cd ~/repos/gw-test/
[0] [08:15:26] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > ls
Cargo.lock Cargo.toml gw.json lib-root resources src target
[0] [08:15:27] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > readelf --headers target/armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi/release/gw-test
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x8278
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 1822748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 5
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 27
Section header string table index: 26
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .init PROGBITS 00008000 008000 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[ 2] .text PROGBITS 00008010 008010 0281b8 00 AX 0 0 8
[ 3] .fini PROGBITS 000301c8 0301c8 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[ 4] .rodata PROGBITS 000301e0 0301e0 005174 00 A 0 0 16
[ 5] .ARM.extab PROGBITS 00035354 035354 000bf4 00 A 0 0 4
[ 6] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 00035f48 035f48 0009e8 00 AL 2 0 4
[ 7] .tdata PROGBITS 00046930 036930 000018 00 WAT 0 0 8
[ 8] .tbss NOBITS 00046948 036948 000034 00 WAT 0 0 8
[ 9] .data.rel.ro PROGBITS 00046948 036948 000f98 00 WA 0 0 8
[10] .got PROGBITS 000478e0 0378e0 0000cc 04 WA 0 0 4
[11] .data PROGBITS 000479b0 0379b0 0000bc 00 WA 0 0 8
[12] .bss NOBITS 00047a70 037a6c 000a78 00 WA 0 0 8
[13] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 037a6c 00003b 01 MS 0 0 1
[14] .debug_aranges PROGBITS 00000000 037aa8 0012f0 00 0 0 8
[15] .debug_info PROGBITS 00000000 038d98 07d9b8 00 0 0 1
[16] .debug_abbrev PROGBITS 00000000 0b6750 00a574 00 0 0 1
[17] .debug_line PROGBITS 00000000 0c0cc4 04e271 00 0 0 1
[18] .debug_frame PROGBITS 00000000 10ef38 0101f4 00 0 0 4
[19] .debug_str PROGBITS 00000000 11f12c 02bc3f 01 MS 0 0 1
[20] .debug_loc PROGBITS 00000000 14ad6b 015230 00 0 0 1
[21] .debug_macinfo PROGBITS 00000000 15ff9b 000007 00 0 0 1
[22] .debug_ranges PROGBITS 00000000 15ffa8 033418 00 0 0 8
[23] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 1933c0 000031 00 0 0 1
[24] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 1933f4 01e590 10 25 7245 4
[25] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 1b1984 00b595 00 0 0 1
[26] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 1bcf19 000103 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x035f48 0x00035f48 0x00035f48 0x009e8 0x009e8 R 0x4
LOAD 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x36930 0x36930 R E 0x10000
LOAD 0x036930 0x00046930 0x00046930 0x0113c 0x01bb8 RW 0x10000
TLS 0x036930 0x00046930 0x00046930 0x00018 0x0004c R 0x8
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x10
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01 .init .text .fini .rodata .ARM.extab .ARM.exidx
02 .tdata .data.rel.ro .got .data .bss
03 .tdata .tbss
04
[127] [08:19:01] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > scp -r -i ~/Downloads/hub_keys/sshKeys/0200000100009167 [email protected]:/bin/cat ./
cat 100% 651KB 581.0KB/s 00:01
[0] [08:19:18] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > stat cat
File: cat
Size: 666788 Blocks: 1304 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 18h/24d Inode: 4034474 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 1000/ cecile) Gid: ( 1000/ cecile)
Access: 2019-04-07 10:19:17.131861726 +0200
Modify: 2019-04-07 10:19:18.251842664 +0200
Change: 2019-04-07 10:19:18.251842664 +0200
Birth: 2019-04-07 10:19:17.131861726 +0200
[0] [08:19:22] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > readelf --headers cat
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0xc914
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 665748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 26
Section header string table index: 25
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 00008134 000134 000013 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 00008148 000148 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 00008168 000168 000990 04 A 4 0 4
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 00008af8 000af8 0015b0 10 A 5 1 4
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000a0a8 0020a8 000b33 00 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000abdc 002bdc 0002b6 02 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000ae94 002e94 000020 00 A 5 1 4
[ 8] .rel.dyn REL 0000aeb4 002eb4 000050 08 A 4 0 4
[ 9] .rel.plt REL 0000af04 002f04 000a60 08 A 4 11 4
[10] .init PROGBITS 0000b964 003964 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 0000b970 003970 000fa4 04 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000c914 004914 07dcd8 00 AX 0 0 4
[13] .fini PROGBITS 0008a5ec 0825ec 000008 00 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0008a5f8 0825f8 01f208 00 A 0 0 8
[15] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 000a9800 0a1800 000008 00 AL 12 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000a9808 0a1808 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 000b2000 0a2000 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[18] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 000b2004 0a2004 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .jcr PROGBITS 000b2008 0a2008 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .dynamic DYNAMIC 000b200c 0a200c 0000e8 08 WA 5 0 4
[21] .got PROGBITS 000b20f4 0a20f4 000544 04 WA 0 0 4
[22] .data PROGBITS 000b2638 0a2638 00014e 00 WA 0 0 4
[23] .bss NOBITS 000b2788 0a2786 0022c0 00 WA 0 0 8
[24] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 0a2786 000034 00 0 0 1
[25] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0a27ba 0000da 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x0a1800 0x000a9800 0x000a9800 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0xa180c 0xa180c R E 0x8000
LOAD 0x0a2000 0x000b2000 0x000b2000 0x00786 0x02a48 RW 0x8000
DYNAMIC 0x0a200c 0x000b200c 0x000b200c 0x000e8 0x000e8 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000148 0x00008148 0x00008148 0x00020 0x00020 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01
02 .interp
03 .interp .note.ABI-tag .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .ARM.exidx .eh_frame
04 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .data .bss
05 .dynamic
06 .note.ABI-tag
07
[0] [08:19:32] ~/r/gw-test HEAD > /usr/arm-none-eabi/bin/readelf --headers cat
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: EXEC (Executable file)
Machine: ARM
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0xc914
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 665748 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 8
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 26
Section header string table index: 25
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 00008134 000134 000013 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 00008148 000148 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .hash HASH 00008168 000168 000990 04 A 4 0 4
[ 4] .dynsym DYNSYM 00008af8 000af8 0015b0 10 A 5 1 4
[ 5] .dynstr STRTAB 0000a0a8 0020a8 000b33 00 A 0 0 1
[ 6] .gnu.version VERSYM 0000abdc 002bdc 0002b6 02 A 4 0 2
[ 7] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 0000ae94 002e94 000020 00 A 5 1 4
[ 8] .rel.dyn REL 0000aeb4 002eb4 000050 08 A 4 0 4
[ 9] .rel.plt REL 0000af04 002f04 000a60 08 A 4 11 4
[10] .init PROGBITS 0000b964 003964 00000c 00 AX 0 0 4
[11] .plt PROGBITS 0000b970 003970 000fa4 04 AX 0 0 4
[12] .text PROGBITS 0000c914 004914 07dcd8 00 AX 0 0 4
[13] .fini PROGBITS 0008a5ec 0825ec 000008 00 AX 0 0 4
[14] .rodata PROGBITS 0008a5f8 0825f8 01f208 00 A 0 0 8
[15] .ARM.exidx ARM_EXIDX 000a9800 0a1800 000008 00 AL 12 0 4
[16] .eh_frame PROGBITS 000a9808 0a1808 000004 00 A 0 0 4
[17] .init_array INIT_ARRAY 000b2000 0a2000 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[18] .fini_array FINI_ARRAY 000b2004 0a2004 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[19] .jcr PROGBITS 000b2008 0a2008 000004 00 WA 0 0 4
[20] .dynamic DYNAMIC 000b200c 0a200c 0000e8 08 WA 5 0 4
[21] .got PROGBITS 000b20f4 0a20f4 000544 04 WA 0 0 4
[22] .data PROGBITS 000b2638 0a2638 00014e 00 WA 0 0 4
[23] .bss NOBITS 000b2788 0a2786 0022c0 00 WA 0 0 8
[24] .ARM.attributes ARM_ATTRIBUTES 00000000 0a2786 000034 00 0 0 1
[25] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 0a27ba 0000da 00 0 0 1
Key to Flags:
W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
y (purecode), p (processor specific)
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x0a1800 0x000a9800 0x000a9800 0x00008 0x00008 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0xa180c 0xa180c R E 0x8000
LOAD 0x0a2000 0x000b2000 0x000b2000 0x00786 0x02a48 RW 0x8000
DYNAMIC 0x0a200c 0x000b200c 0x000b200c 0x000e8 0x000e8 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000148 0x00008148 0x00008148 0x00020 0x00020 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4
Section to Segment mapping:
Segment Sections...
00 .ARM.exidx
01
02 .interp
03 .interp .note.ABI-tag .hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .ARM.exidx .eh_frame
04 .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .data .bss
05 .dynamic
06 .note.ABI-tag
07
I made this Dockerfile:
FROM buildpack-deps:xenial
RUN dpkg --add-architecture i386 && \
apt-get update && \
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
apt-utils build-essential sudo libssl-dev \
subversion wget cpio python unzip rsync bc libncurses-dev \
libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 ca-certificates \
ant ant-optional bison curl flex fusesmb
COPY ./dp-mgw-toolchain_1.6_i386.deb ./
RUN dpkg -i dp-mgw-toolchain_1.6_i386.deb
RUN curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | bash -s -- -y
RUN echo '. ~/.cargo/env' >> ~/.bashrc
RUN . ~/.cargo/env && \
rustup target add armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi
ENV PATH=/opt/develco-products/buildroot-toolchain-multigateway-1.6/host/usr/bin:$PATH
ENV RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=arm926ej-s"
RUN cargo build --target=armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi --release
The deb file is actually the toolchain provided by the manufacturer. Now I'm using the correct linker and it runs properly on the board.
747
My first bet are incompatible ABI. Your binary:
0x5000200, Version5 EABI, soft-float ABI
Binaries from your board:
0x5000002, Version5 EABI, <unknown>
Next bet, your binary has many sections missing, so it looks like linker issue. Your QEMU environment isn't identical to that used on your target, but I'd expect your QEMU runs bare metal binary. These cannot run under Linux as would not have direct access to hardware & peripherals.
You need to setup your linker to link ELF compatible with environment on your board. I don't have experience with Freescale but looking at any project that cross compiles for this board should lead you to proper linker invocation.
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