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How do I say "is not" a certain character in sed?
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The sed command has longlist of supported operations that can be performed to ease the process of editing text files. It allows the users to apply the expressions that are usually used in programming languages; one of the core supported expressions is Regular Expression (regex).
5.1 Overview of regular expression in sed A regular expression is a pattern that is matched against a subject string from left to right. Most characters are ordinary: they stand for themselves in a pattern, and match the corresponding characters. Regular expressions in sed are specified between two slashes.
r is used to read a file and append it at the current point. The point in your example is the address /EOF/ which means this script will find the line containing EOF and then append the file specified by $thingToAdd after that point. Then it will process the rest of the file.
[^x] This is a character class that accepts any character except x.
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