Ruby on Rails: alias_method_chain, what exactly does it do?

Question

I've tried reading through various blog posts that attempt to explain alias_method_chain and the reasons to use it and not use it. In particular, I took heed to:

http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2006/4/26/new-in-rails-module-alias_method_chain

and

http://yehudakatz.com/2009/03/06/alias_method_chain-in-models/

I still do not see any practical use for alias_method_chain. Would anyone be able to explain a few things.

1 - is it still used at all?
2 - when would you use alias_method_chain and why?

Answer 1

1 - is it still used at all?

Apparently yes, alias_method_chain() is still used in Rails (as of version 3.0.0).

2 - when would you use alias_method_chain and why?

(Note: the following is largely based on the discussion of alias_method_chain() in Metaprogramming Ruby by Paolo Perrotta, which is an excellent book that you should get your hands on.)

Let's start with a basic example:

class Klass   def salute     puts "Aloha!"   end end  Klass.new.salute # => Aloha! 

Now suppose that we want to surround Klass#salute() with logging behavior. We can do that what Perrotta calls an around alias:

class Klass   def salute_with_log     puts "Calling method..."     salute_without_log     puts "...Method called"   end    alias_method :salute_without_log, :salute   alias_method :salute, :salute_with_log end  Klass.new.salute # Prints the following: # Calling method... # Aloha! # ...Method called 

We defined a new method called salute_with_log() and aliased it to salute(). The code that used to call salute() still works, but it gets the new logging behavior as well. We also defined an alias to the original salute(), so we can still salute without logging:

Klass.new.salute_without_log # => Aloha! 

So, salute() is now called salute_without_log(). If we want logging, we can call either salute_with_log() or salute(), which are aliases of the same method. Confused? Good!

According to Perrotta, this kind of around alias is very common in Rails:

Look at another example of Rails solving a problem its own way. A few versions ago, the Rails code contained many instances of the same idiom: an Around Alias (155) was used to add a feature to a method, and the old version of the method was renamed to something like method_without_feature(). Apart from the method names, which changed every time, the code that did this was always the same, duplicated all over the place. In most languages, you cannot avoid that kind of duplication. In Ruby, you can sprinkle some metaprogramming magic over your pattern and extract it into its own method... and thus was born alias_method_chain().

In other words, you provide the original method, foo(), and the enhanced method, foo_with_feature(), and you end up with three methods: foo(), foo_with_feature(), and foo_without_feature(). The first two include the feature, while the third doesn't. Instead of duplicating these aliases all around, alias_method_chain() provided by ActiveSupport does all the aliasing for you.

Answer 2

alias_method_chain has been deprecated in Rails 5 in favour of Module#prepend.

Pull request: https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/19434

Changelog: https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/b292b76c2dd0f04fb090d49b90716a0e6037b41a/guides/source/5_0_release_notes.md#deprecations-4