Reading zipped ESRI BIL files with Python

Question

I have precipitation data from the PRISM Climate Group which are now offered in .bil format (ESRI BIL, I think) and I'd like to be able to read these datasets with Python.

I've installed the spectral package, but the open_image() method returns an error:

def ReadBilFile(bil):
    import spectral as sp
    b = sp.open_image(bil)
ReadBilFile(r'G:\truncated\ppt\1950\PRISM_ppt_stable_4kmM2_1950_bil.bil')

IOError: Unable to determine file type or type not supported.

The documentation for spectral clearly says that it supports BIL files, can anyone shed any light on what's happening here? I am also open to using GDAL, which supposedly supports the similar/equivalent ESRI EHdr format, but I can't find any good code snipets to get started.

Answer 1

It's now 2017 and there is a slightly better option. The package rasterio supports bil files.

>>>import rasterio
>>>tmean = rasterio.open('PRISM_tmean_stable_4kmD1_20060101_bil.bil')
>>>tmean.affine
Affine(0.041666666667, 0.0, -125.0208333333335,
       0.0, -0.041666666667, 49.9375000000025)
>>> tmean.crs
CRS({'init': 'epsg:4269'})
>>> tmean.width
1405
>>> tmean.height
621
>>> tmean.read().shape
(1, 621, 1405)

Answer 2

Ok, I'm sorry to post a question and then answer it myself so quickly, but I found a nice set of course slides from Utah State University that has a lecture on opening raster image data with GDAL. For the record, here is the code I used to open the PRISM Climate Group datasets (which are in the EHdr format).

import gdal

def ReadBilFile(bil):

    gdal.GetDriverByName('EHdr').Register()
    img = gdal.Open(bil)
    band = img.GetRasterBand(1)
    data = band.ReadAsArray()
    return data

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = ReadBilFile(r'G:\truncated\ppt\1950\PRISM_ppt_stable_4kmM2_1950_bil.bil')
    print a[44, 565]

EDIT 5/27/2014

I've built upon my answer above and wanted to share it here since the documentation seems to be lacking. I now have a class with one main method that reads the BIL file as an array and returns some key attributes.

import gdal
import gdalconst

class BilFile(object):

    def __init__(self, bil_file):
        self.bil_file = bil_file
        self.hdr_file = bil_file.split('.')[0]+'.hdr'

    def get_array(self, mask=None):
        self.nodatavalue, self.data = None, None
        gdal.GetDriverByName('EHdr').Register()
        img = gdal.Open(self.bil_file, gdalconst.GA_ReadOnly)
        band = img.GetRasterBand(1)
        self.nodatavalue = band.GetNoDataValue()
        self.ncol = img.RasterXSize
        self.nrow = img.RasterYSize
        geotransform = img.GetGeoTransform()
        self.originX = geotransform[0]
        self.originY = geotransform[3]
        self.pixelWidth = geotransform[1]
        self.pixelHeight = geotransform[5]
        self.data = band.ReadAsArray()
        self.data = np.ma.masked_where(self.data==self.nodatavalue, self.data)
        if mask is not None:
            self.data = np.ma.masked_where(mask==True, self.data)
        return self.nodatavalue, self.data

I call this class using the following function where I use GDAL's vsizip function to read the BIL file directly from a zip file.

import prism
def getPrecipData(years=None):
    grid_pnts = prism.getGridPointsFromTxt()
    flrd_pnts = np.array(pd.read_csv(r'D:\truncated\PrismGridPointsFlrd.csv').grid_code)
    mask = prism.makeGridMask(grid_pnts, grid_codes=flrd_pnts)
    for year in years:
        bil = r'/vsizip/G:\truncated\PRISM_ppt_stable_4kmM2_{0}_all_bil.zip\PRISM_ppt_stable_4kmM2_{0}_bil.bil'.format(year)
        b = prism.BilFile(bil)
        nodatavalue, data = b.get_array(mask=mask)
        data *= mm_to_in
        b.write_to_csv(data, 'PrismPrecip_{}.txt'.format(year))
    return

# Get datasets
years = range(1950, 2011, 5)
getPrecipData(years=years)