private constructor [duplicate]

Question

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What is the use of making constructor private in a class?

Where do we need private constructor? How can we instantiate a class having private constructor?

Answer 1

Private constructor means a user cannot directly instantiate a class. Instead, you can create objects using something like the Named Constructor Idiom, where you have static class functions that can create and return instances of a class.

The Named Constructor Idiom is for more intuitive usage of a class. The example provided at the C++ FAQ is for a class that can be used to represent multiple coordinate systems.

This is pulled directly from the link. It is a class representing points in different coordinate systems, but it can used to represent both Rectangular and Polar coordinate points, so to make it more intuitive for the user, different functions are used to represent what coordinate system the returned Point represents.

 #include <cmath>               // To get std::sin() and std::cos()   class Point {  public:    static Point rectangular(float x, float y);      // Rectangular coord's    static Point polar(float radius, float angle);   // Polar coordinates    // These static methods are the so-called "named constructors"    ...  private:    Point(float x, float y);     // Rectangular coordinates    float x_, y_;  };   inline Point::Point(float x, float y)    : x_(x), y_(y) { }   inline Point Point::rectangular(float x, float y)  { return Point(x, y); }   inline Point Point::polar(float radius, float angle)  { return Point(radius*std::cos(angle), radius*std::sin(angle)); } 

There have been a lot of other responses that also fit the spirit of why private constructors are ever used in C++ (Singleton pattern among them).

Another thing you can do with it is to prevent inheritance of your class, since derived classes won't be able to access your class' constructor. Of course, in this situation, you still need a function that creates instances of the class.

Answer 2

One common use is in the singleton pattern where you want only one instance of the class to exist. In that case, you can provide a static method which does the instantiation of the object. This way the number of objects instantiated of a particular class can be controlled.