OSGI bundle dependencies

Question

I have created an bundle which relies on SLF4J and as such am using Logback for the OSGI implementation. This all bundles up and installs OK but when I come to start the bundle I get the following exception:

org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Unable to resolve com.felix.test [20](R 20.0): missing requirement [com.felix.test [20](R 20.0)] osgi.wiring.package; (osgi.wiring.package=groovy.lang) Unresolved requirements: [[com.felix.test [20](R 20.0)] osgi.wiring.package; (osgi.wiring.package=groovy.lang)]

I can see in my manifest file groovy.lang is listed in Import-Package and I'm pretty sure the problem is that Logback is being embedded but none of it's references are.

I'm using to create the bundle, here's the config:

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.4</version>
    <extensions>true</extensions>
    <configuration>
        <instructions>
            <Import-Package>
                *
            </Import-Package>
            <Embed-Dependency>
                *
            </Embed-Dependency>
            <Embed-Directory>
                osgi-inf/libs
            </Embed-Directory>
            <Embed-Transitive>
                true
            </Embed-Transitive>
        </instructions>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Here's my manifest:

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Bnd-LastModified: 1436982944102
Build-Jdk: 1.8.0_45
Built-By: tim.clifford
Bundle-ClassPath: .,osgi-inf/libs/org.osgi.core-1.0.0.jar,osgi-inf/libs/
 servlet-api-2.5.jar,osgi-inf/libs/org.apache.felix.scr.annotations-1.9.
 6.jar,osgi-inf/libs/httpclient-osgi-4.5.jar,osgi-inf/libs/httpclient-4.
 5.jar,osgi-inf/libs/httpcore-4.4.1.jar,osgi-inf/libs/commons-logging-1.
 2.jar,osgi-inf/libs/commons-codec-1.9.jar,osgi-inf/libs/httpmime-4.5.ja
 r,osgi-inf/libs/httpclient-cache-4.5.jar,osgi-inf/libs/fluent-hc-4.5.ja
 r,osgi-inf/libs/ehcache-2.10.0.jar,osgi-inf/libs/slf4j-api-1.7.7.jar,os
 gi-inf/libs/commons-lang3-3.4.jar,osgi-inf/libs/logback-classic-1.1.3.j
 ar,osgi-inf/libs/logback-core-1.1.3.jar
Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2
Bundle-Name: com.felix.test
Bundle-SymbolicName: com.felix.test
Bundle-Version: 1.0.0.SNAPSHOT
Created-By: Apache Maven Bundle Plugin
Embed-Dependency: *
Embed-Directory: osgi-inf/libs
Embed-Transitive: true
Embedded-Artifacts: osgi-inf/libs/org.osgi.core-1.0.0.jar;g="org.apache.
 felix";a="org.osgi.core";v="1.0.0",osgi-inf/libs/servlet-api-2.5.jar;g=
 "javax.servlet";a="servlet-api";v="2.5",osgi-inf/libs/org.apache.felix.
 scr.annotations-1.9.6.jar;g="org.apache.felix";a="org.apache.felix.scr.
 annotations";v="1.9.6",osgi-inf/libs/httpclient-osgi-4.5.jar;g="org.apa
 che.httpcomponents";a="httpclient-osgi";v="4.5",osgi-inf/libs/httpclien
 t-4.5.jar;g="org.apache.httpcomponents";a="httpclient";v="4.5",osgi-inf
 /libs/httpcore-4.4.1.jar;g="org.apache.httpcomponents";a="httpcore";v="
 4.4.1",osgi-inf/libs/commons-logging-1.2.jar;g="commons-logging";a="com
 mons-logging";v="1.2",osgi-inf/libs/commons-codec-1.9.jar;g="commons-co
 dec";a="commons-codec";v="1.9",osgi-inf/libs/httpmime-4.5.jar;g="org.ap
 ache.httpcomponents";a="httpmime";v="4.5",osgi-inf/libs/httpclient-cach
 e-4.5.jar;g="org.apache.httpcomponents";a="httpclient-cache";v="4.5",os
 gi-inf/libs/fluent-hc-4.5.jar;g="org.apache.httpcomponents";a="fluent-h
 c";v="4.5",osgi-inf/libs/ehcache-2.10.0.jar;g="net.sf.ehcache";a="ehcac
 he";v="2.10.0",osgi-inf/libs/slf4j-api-1.7.7.jar;g="org.slf4j";a="slf4j
 -api";v="1.7.7",osgi-inf/libs/commons-lang3-3.4.jar;g="org.apache.commo
 ns";a="commons-lang3";v="3.4",osgi-inf/libs/logback-classic-1.1.3.jar;g
 ="ch.qos.logback";a="logback-classic";v="1.1.3",osgi-inf/libs/logback-c
 ore-1.1.3.jar;g="ch.qos.logback";a="logback-core";v="1.1.3"
Export-Package: com.felix.test;version="1.0.0"
Import-Package: groovy.lang,javax.crypto,javax.crypto.spec,javax.jms,jav
 ax.mail,javax.mail.internet,javax.management,javax.management.openmbean
 ,javax.naming,javax.naming.directory,javax.naming.ldap,javax.net,javax.
 net.ssl,javax.security.auth.x500,javax.sql,javax.swing.event,javax.tran
 saction,javax.transaction.xa,javax.xml.datatype,javax.xml.namespace,jav
 ax.xml.parsers,javax.xml.stream,javax.xml.stream.events,net.spy.memcach
 ed,org.apache.avalon.framework.logger,org.apache.felix.scrplugin,org.ap
 ache.felix.scrplugin.annotations,org.apache.felix.scrplugin.description
 ,org.apache.log,org.apache.log4j,org.codehaus.commons.compiler,org.code
 haus.groovy.control,org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers,org.codehau
 s.groovy.reflection,org.codehaus.groovy.runtime,org.codehaus.groovy.run
 time.callsite,org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.typehandling,org.codehaus.gro
 ovy.runtime.wrappers,org.codehaus.groovy.transform,org.codehaus.janino,
 org.hibernate,org.hibernate.cache,org.hibernate.cache.access,org.hibern
 ate.cfg,org.hibernate.impl,org.hibernate.stat,org.hibernate.transaction
 ,org.ietf.jgss,org.osgi.service.cm,org.quartz,org.quartz.impl,org.quart
 z.impl.jdbcjobstore,org.quartz.impl.matchers,org.quartz.simpl,org.terra
 cotta.quartz,org.terracotta.toolkit,org.terracotta.toolkit.atomic,org.t
 erracotta.toolkit.builder,org.terracotta.toolkit.cache,org.terracotta.t
 oolkit.cluster,org.terracotta.toolkit.collections,org.terracotta.toolki
 t.concurrent.locks,org.terracotta.toolkit.config,org.terracotta.toolkit
 .events,org.terracotta.toolkit.feature,org.terracotta.toolkit.internal,
 org.terracotta.toolkit.internal.cache,org.terracotta.toolkit.internal.c
 luster,org.terracotta.toolkit.internal.collections,org.terracotta.toolk
 it.internal.concurrent.locks,org.terracotta.toolkit.internal.feature,or
 g.terracotta.toolkit.monitoring,org.terracotta.toolkit.nonstop,org.terr
 acotta.toolkit.rejoin,org.terracotta.toolkit.search,org.terracotta.tool
 kit.search.attribute,org.terracotta.toolkit.store,org.xml.sax,org.xml.s
 ax.helpers,sun.misc,sun.reflect
Require-Capability: osgi.ee;filter:="(&(osgi.ee=JavaSE)(version=1.6))"
Tool: Bnd-2.4.1.201501161923

Am I going about it the right way or is there a better method?

Thank you!

Answer 1

To your question "am I going about is the right way", the answer is "definitely not"!

Please, please don't use Embed-Dependency. This simply takes all of the transitive dependency graph (which in your case includes the Groovy language runtime, somehow) and sticks it inside your bundle.

This misses the point of OSGi entirely. Worse, when you develop your next bundle you will have to go through all this again! Eventually you will have tens of bundles, each carrying around a massive, dead weight of embedded dependencies.

As Christian said, stick to the defaults provided by the maven-bundle-plugin. You don't even need to specify <Import-Package>*</Import-Package> since this is already the default. As a result you will get a bundle that has package imports, which is a good thing! But you need to install bundles that provide exports that will match your imports.