numpy element-wise multiplication of an array and a vector

Question

I want to do something like this:

a =  # multi-dimensional numpy array
ares = # multi-dim array, same shape as a
a.shape
>>> (45, 72, 37, 24)  # the relevant point is that all dimension are different
v = # 1D numpy array, i.e. a vector
v.shape
>>> (37)  # note that v has the same length as the 3rd dimension of a
for i in range(37):
    ares[:,:,i,:] = a[:,:,i,:]*v[i]

I'm thinking there has to be a more compact way to do this with numpy, but I haven't figured it out. I guess I could replicate v and then calculate a*v, but I am guessing there is something better than that too. So I need to do element wise multiplication "over a given axis", so to speak. Anyone know how I can do this? Thanks. (BTW, I did find a close duplicate question, but because of the nature of the OP's particular problem there, the discussion was very short and got tracked into other issues.)

Answer 1

I tend to do something like

b = a * v[None, None, :, None]

where I think I'm officially supposed to write np.newaxis instead of None.

For example:

>>> import numpy as np
>>> a0 = np.random.random((45,72,37,24))
>>> a = a0.copy()
>>> v = np.random.random(37)
>>> for i in range(len(v)):
...     a[:,:,i,:] *= v[i]
...     
>>> b = a0 * v[None,None,:,None]
>>> 
>>> np.allclose(a,b)
True

Answer 2

Here is one more:

b = a * v.reshape(-1, 1)

IMHO, this is more readable than transpose, einsum and maybe even v[:, None], but pick the one that suits your style.