The other answers here tell you how to create a defaultdict
which contains "infinitely many" defaultdict
, but they fail to address what I think may have been your initial need which was to simply have a two-depth defaultdict.
You may have been looking for:
defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(dict))
The reasons why you might prefer this construct are:
defaultdict
to be something other than a dictionary, e.g.,: defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
or defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(set))
For an arbitrary number of levels:
def rec_dd():
return defaultdict(rec_dd)
>>> x = rec_dd()
>>> x['a']['b']['c']['d']
defaultdict(<function rec_dd at 0x7f0dcef81500>, {})
>>> print json.dumps(x)
{"a": {"b": {"c": {"d": {}}}}}
Of course you could also do this with a lambda, but I find lambdas to be less readable. In any case it would look like this:
rec_dd = lambda: defaultdict(rec_dd)
There is a nifty trick for doing that:
tree = lambda: defaultdict(tree)
Then you can create your x
with x = tree()
.
Similar to BrenBarn's solution, but doesn't contain the name of the variable tree
twice, so it works even after changes to the variable dictionary:
tree = (lambda f: f(f))(lambda a: (lambda: defaultdict(a(a))))
Then you can create each new x
with x = tree()
.
For the def
version, we can use function closure scope to protect the data structure from the flaw where existing instances stop working if the tree
name is rebound. It looks like this:
from collections import defaultdict
def tree():
def the_tree():
return defaultdict(the_tree)
return the_tree()
I would also propose more OOP-styled implementation, which supports infinite nesting as well as properly formatted repr
.
class NestedDefaultDict(defaultdict):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(NestedDefaultDict, self).__init__(NestedDefaultDict, *args, **kwargs)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(dict(self))
Usage:
my_dict = NestedDefaultDict()
my_dict['a']['b'] = 1
my_dict['a']['c']['d'] = 2
my_dict['b']
print(my_dict) # {'a': {'b': 1, 'c': {'d': 2}}, 'b': {}}
If you love us? You can donate to us via Paypal or buy me a coffee so we can maintain and grow! Thank you!
Donate Us With