Mockito error in Spring Boot tests after migrating to JDK 11

Question

I have just migrated to JDK 11 in order to use the latest Java LTS version. If I change the execution JRE in Eclipse from 10 to 11 (and only then), when I try to run my tests, I get the following exception stacktrace.

Please note that everything works as expected if I switch back to jdk-10. I use Spring Boot and my tests also use Mockito. My pom.xml is also shown here.

Is there a known incompatibility between Spring Boot and/or Mockito with jdk-11? Perhaps another reference missing in pom.xml?

pom.xml:

    <parent>         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>         <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>     </parent>      <dependencies>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>             <artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>             <version>2.3.0.1</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>             <artifactId>activation</artifactId>             <version>1.1.1</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>             <artifactId>jta</artifactId>             <version>1.1</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>             <artifactId>maven-model</artifactId>             <version>3.5.4</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>             <artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>             <version>2.2.0</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>             <artifactId>h2</artifactId>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>             <scope>test</scope>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>             <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>             <optional>true</optional>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <!-- update Hibernate dependency on Javassist to 3.23.1 for Java 11 compatibility -->             <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>             <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>             <version>3.23.1-GA</version>         </dependency>     </dependencies>     <build>         <plugins>             <plugin>                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>                 <configuration>                     <executable>true</executable>                     <skipTests>true</skipTests>                 </configuration>                 <executions>                     <execution>                         <goals>                             <goal>repackage</goal>                         </goals>                     </execution>                 </executions>             </plugin>         </plugins>     </build>      <repositories>         <repository>             <id>spring-releases</id>             <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>         </repository>     </repositories>     <pluginRepositories>         <pluginRepository>             <id>spring-releases</id>             <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>         </pluginRepository>     </pluginRepositories> 

Stacktrace:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext     at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)     at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)     at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:538)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:760)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:206) Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException:  Mockito cannot mock this class: class org.foo.MockedClass.  Mockito can only mock non-private & non-final classes. If you're not sure why you're getting this error, please report to the mailing list.   Java               : 11 JVM vendor name    : Oracle Corporation JVM vendor version : 11+28 JVM name           : Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM JVM version        : 11+28 JVM info           : mixed mode OS name            : Linux OS version         : 4.4.0-128-generic   Underlying exception : java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Cannot define class using reflection     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockDefinition.createMock(MockDefinition.java:157)     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.createMock(MockitoPostProcessor.java:222)     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.registerMock(MockitoPostProcessor.java:192)     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.register(MockitoPostProcessor.java:174)     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(MockitoPostProcessor.java:144)     at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory(MockitoPostProcessor.java:131)     at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:282)     at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:170)     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:694)     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:532)     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:780)     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:412)     at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:333)     at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:139)     at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)     at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)     ... 33 more Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Cannot define class using reflection     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection$Dispatcher$Unavailable.defineClass(ClassInjector.java:821)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection.inject(ClassInjector.java:185)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassLoadingStrategy$Default$InjectionDispatcher.load(ClassLoadingStrategy.java:187)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.TypeResolutionStrategy$Passive.initialize(TypeResolutionStrategy.java:79)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.DynamicType$Default$Unloaded.load(DynamicType.java:4457)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(SubclassBytecodeGenerator.java:121)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator$1.call(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:37)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator$1.call(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:34)     at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:138)     at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:346)     at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:161)     at net.bytebuddy.TypeCache$WithInlineExpunction.findOrInsert(TypeCache.java:355)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:32)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.createMockType(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:71)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:42)     at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(ByteBuddyMockMaker.java:25)     at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:35)     at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:65)     at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1855)     ... 49 more Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not find sun.misc.Unsafe     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingUnsafe$Dispatcher$Disabled.initialize(ClassInjector.java:1366)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingUnsafe.inject(ClassInjector.java:1202)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassLoadingStrategy$ForUnsafeInjection.load(ClassLoadingStrategy.java:458)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.TypeResolutionStrategy$Passive.initialize(TypeResolutionStrategy.java:79)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.DynamicType$Default$Unloaded.load(DynamicType.java:4457)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection$Dispatcher$Indirect.make(ClassInjector.java:684)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection$Dispatcher$CreationAction.run(ClassInjector.java:302)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection$Dispatcher$CreationAction.run(ClassInjector.java:290)     at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection.<clinit>(ClassInjector.java:70)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassLoadingStrategy$Default$InjectionDispatcher.load(ClassLoadingStrategy.java:184)     ... 65 more Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: sun.misc.Unsafe.defineClass(java.lang.String, [B, int, int, java.lang.ClassLoader, java.security.ProtectionDomain)     at java.base/java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:2109)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingUnsafe$Dispatcher$CreationAction.run(ClassInjector.java:1269)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingUnsafe$Dispatcher$CreationAction.run(ClassInjector.java:1257)     at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)     at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingUnsafe.<clinit>(ClassInjector.java:1136)     ... 74 more 

Answer 1

Was the same problem. Add Mockito 2.22.0 to dependencies. Everything seems to work.

compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.22.0'