Lambda function for classes in python?

Question

There must be an easy way to do this, but somehow I can wrap my head around it. The best way I can describe what I want is a lambda function for a class. I have a library that expects as an argument an uninstantiated version of a class to work with. It then instantiates the class itself to work on. The problem is that I'd like to be able to dynamically create versions of the class, to pass to the library, but I can't figure out how to do it since the library expects an uninstantiated version. The code below describes the problem:

class Double:
    def run(self,x):
        return x*2

class Triple:
    def run(self,x):
        return x*3

class Multiply:
    def __init__(self,mult):
        self.mult = mult
    def run(self,x):
        return x*self.mult

class Library:
    def __init__(self,c):
        self.c = c()
    def Op(self,val):
        return self.c.run(val)

op1 = Double
op2 = Triple
#op3 = Multiply(5)

lib1 = Library(op1)
lib2 = Library(op2)
#lib3 = Library(op3)

print lib1.Op(2)
print lib2.Op(2)
#print lib3.Op(2)

I can't use the generic Multiply class, because I must instantiate it first which breaks the library "AttributeError: Multiply instance has no call method". Without changing the Library class, is there a way I can do this?

Answer 1

There's no need for lambda at all. lambda is just syntatic sugar to define a function and use it at the same time. Just like any lambda call can be replaced with an explicit def, we can solve your problem by creating a real class that meets your needs and returning it.

class Double:
        def run(self,x):
            return x*2

class Triple:
    def run(self,x):
        return x*3

def createMultiplier(n):
    class Multiply:
        def run(self,x):
            return x*n
    return Multiply

class Library:
    def __init__(self,c):
        self.c = c()
    def Op(self,val):
        return self.c.run(val)

op1 = Double
op2 = Triple
op3 = createMultiplier(5)

lib1 = Library(op1)
lib2 = Library(op2)
lib3 = Library(op3)

print lib1.Op(2)
print lib2.Op(2)
print lib3.Op(2)

Answer 2

Does the library really specify that it wants an "uninitialized version" (i.e. a class reference)?

It looks to me as if the library actually wants an object factory. In that case, it's acceptable to type:

lib3 = Library(lambda: Multiply(5))

To understand how the lambda works, consider the following:

Multiply5 = lambda: Multiply(5)
assert Multiply5().run(3) == Multiply(5).run(3)

Answer 3

This is sort of cheating, but you could give your Multiply class a __call__ method that returns itself:

class Multiply:
    def __init__(self,mult):
        self.mult = mult
    def __call__(self):
        return self
    def run(self,x):
        return x*self.mult

That way when the library calls c() it actually calls c.__call__() which returns the object you want.