I am trying to insert a figure in a RMarkdown document but am having trouble getting it to appear in the right place. The figure below shows the problem: when using a figure caption, the figure appears at the top of the page rather than below the relevant paragraph in the document.
Here is the code for this minimum working example:
---
title: "Untitled"
author: "Author"
date: "27 February 2017"
output:
pdf_document:
fig_cap: yes
keep_tex: yes
---
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, fig.pos= "h")
```
## R Markdown
This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see <http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com>.
\newpage
## Including Plots
You can also embed plots, for example:
```{r pressure, echo=FALSE, fig.cap = "Hello"}
plot(pressure)
```
Note that the `echo = FALSE` parameter was added to the code chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.
And here is the relevant part of the LaTeX output; note that the fig.pos
option is ignored:
You can also embed plots, for example:
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{test_files/figure-latex/pressure-1.pdf}
\caption{Hello}
\end{figure}
Note that the \texttt{echo\ =\ FALSE} parameter was added to the code
chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.
My set-up is described below. I'm pretty sure this worked in previous version of knitr, but I don't have a note of which version that might have been.
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.3.2 (2016-10-31)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows >= 8 x64 (build 9200)
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] backports_1.0.5 magrittr_1.5 rprojroot_1.2 htmltools_0.3.5 tools_3.3.2
[6] yaml_2.1.14 Rcpp_0.12.9 stringi_1.1.2 rmarkdown_1.3 knitr_1.15.1
[11] stringr_1.2.0 digest_0.6.12 evaluate_0.10
knitr is an engine for dynamic report generation with R. It is a package in the programming language R that enables integration of R code into LaTeX, LyX, HTML, Markdown, AsciiDoc, and reStructuredText documents. The purpose of knitr is to allow reproducible research in R through the means of literate programming.
The first code chunk: ```{r setup, include=FALSE} knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE) ``` is used to specify any global settings to be applied to the R Markdown script. The example sets all code chunks as “echo=TRUE”, meaning they will be included in the final rendered version.
A recent version of Pandoc (>= 1.12. 3) is required to use the rmarkdown package. RStudio also automatically includes this so you do not need to download Pandoc if you plan to use rmarkdown from the RStudio IDE. If not using the RStudio IDE, you'll need to install Pandoc for your platform.
Creating documents with R Markdown starts with an . Rmd file that contains a combination of markdown (content with simple text formatting) and R code chunks. The . Rmd file is fed to knitr, which executes all of the R code chunks and creates a new markdown (. md) document which includes the R code and its output.
The chunk option fig.pos
is only used when knitr thinks it has to write out a LaTeX figure
environment instead of pure Markdown ![]()
, and it writes LaTeX only when a figure caption (fig.cap
) is specified, and at least one of these options has been specified: fig.align
, out.width
, out.extra
. If you want to force knitr to write LaTeX code for figures and use fig.pos
, you may set the chunk option out.extra = ''
.
I know this was answered by Yihui Xie already but I have an alternative solution that avoids the need to include out.extra = ''
or any of the other option that were given while also not interfering with figures that are rendered without captions.
Simply add the latex package 'float'
and use the \floatplacement{figure}{H}
to ensure every figure with a caption is rendered in proper order within the text as you wanted. Alternatively it could be added to the .tex
file used when RMarkdown knits a pdf, but I am fairly new to this and haven't had time to look into that option myself.
I found this fix by looking at the .tex
file in the thesisdown package from Chestar Ismay
It is a fairly easy fix by just adding three lines into the YAML. I don't have enough reputation to post a screen shot of it working but you can just copy what I've done and try it yourself!
---
title: "Untitled"
author: "Author"
date: "27 February 2017"
header-includes: #allows you to add in your own Latex packages
- \usepackage{float} #use the 'float' package
- \floatplacement{figure}{H} #make every figure with caption = h
output:
pdf_document:
fig_cap: yes
keep_tex: yes
---
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, fig.pos= "h")
```
## R Markdown
This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see <http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com>.
\newpage
## Including Plots
You can also embed plots, for example:
```{r pressure, echo=FALSE, fig.cap = "Hello"}
plot(pressure)
```
Note that the `echo = FALSE` parameter was added to the code chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.
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