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Java 7 has been out for a while now, but I cannot find any good resources on the configuration of the garbage collectors, specifically the new G1 collector.
My questions:
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G1 copies objects from one or more regions of the heap to a single region on the heap, and in the process both compacts and frees up memory. This evacuation is performed in parallel on multi-processors, to decrease pause times and increase throughput.
The default garbage collector depends upon the class of machine. If the machine is of Server class then the default garbage collector is Throughput Collector. If the machine is of Client class then the default garbage collector is Serial Collector.
The basic strategy to tune your JVM for G1 GC is to set heap size and pause-time goal, then let the JVM dynamically modify the required settings to attempt to meet the pause-time goal. If the performance goals are not met, then consider other options based on GC monitoring and log analysis.
The G1 garbage collector is not the default in my installation of Java, version 1.7.0_01. You can see for yourself by using with some extra command line options:
> java -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+PrintGCDetails -version -XX:InitialHeapSize=132304640 -XX:MaxHeapSize=2116874240 -XX:ParallelGCThreads=4 -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:-UseLargePagesIndividualAllocation -XX:+UseParallelGC java version "1.7.0_01" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_01-b08) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.1-b02, mixed mode) Heap PSYoungGen total 37696K, used 1293K [0x00000007d5eb0000, 0x00000007d88c0000, 0x0000000800000000) eden space 32320K, 4% used [0x00000007d5eb0000,0x00000007d5ff3408,0x00000007d7e40000) from space 5376K, 0% used [0x00000007d8380000,0x00000007d8380000,0x00000007d88c0000) to space 5376K, 0% used [0x00000007d7e40000,0x00000007d7e40000,0x00000007d8380000) PSOldGen total 86144K, used 0K [0x0000000781c00000, 0x0000000787020000, 0x00000007d5eb0000) object space 86144K, 0% used [0x0000000781c00000,0x0000000781c00000,0x0000000787020000) PSPermGen total 21248K, used 2032K [0x000000077ca00000, 0x000000077dec0000, 0x0000000781c00000) object space 21248K, 9% used [0x000000077ca00000,0x000000077cbfc288,0x000000077dec0000) You don't need to enable experimental options to turn on the G1 collector any more, though:
> java -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseG1GC -version -XX:InitialHeapSize=132304640 -XX:MaxHeapSize=2116874240 -XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:-UseLargePagesIndividualAllocation java version "1.7.0_01" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_01-b08) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.1-b02, mixed mode) Heap garbage-first heap total 130048K, used 0K [0x000000077ca00000, 0x0000000784900000, 0x00000007fae00000) region size 1024K, 1 young (1024K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 20480K, used 2032K [0x00000007fae00000, 0x00000007fc200000, 0x0000000800000000) the space 20480K, 9% used [0x00000007fae00000, 0x00000007faffc288, 0x00000007faffc400, 0x00000007fc200000) No shared spaces configured. I don't know where you can find any good documentation.
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Oracle finally made G1 official in Java 7 U4: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/7u4-relnotes-1575007.html
Description: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/vm/G1.html
Command line options: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/tech/vmoptions-jsp-140102.html#G1Options
Still, I do not think it is the default collector in Java 7. For servers the default is the Parallel Collector as in Java 6.
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