zip_longest() Python's Itertool is a module that provides various functions that work on iterators to produce complex iterators. This module works as a fast, memory-efficient tool that is used either by themselves or in combination to form iterator algebra.
In Python 3 you can use itertools.zip_longest
>>> list(itertools.zip_longest(a, b, c))
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]
You can pad with a different value than None
by using the fillvalue
parameter:
>>> list(itertools.zip_longest(a, b, c, fillvalue='foo'))
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), ('foo', 'b2', 'c2'), ('foo', 'b3', 'foo')]
With Python 2 you can either use itertools.izip_longest
(Python 2.6+), or you can use map
with None
. It is a little known feature of map
(but map
changed in Python 3.x, so this only works in Python 2.x).
>>> map(None, a, b, c)
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]
For Python 2.6x use itertools
module's izip_longest
.
For Python 3 use zip_longest
instead (no leading i
).
>>> list(itertools.izip_longest(a, b, c))
[('a1', 'b1', 'c1'), (None, 'b2', 'c2'), (None, 'b3', None)]
non itertools Python 3 solution:
def zip_longest(*lists):
def g(l):
for item in l:
yield item
while True:
yield None
gens = [g(l) for l in lists]
for _ in range(max(map(len, lists))):
yield tuple(next(g) for g in gens)
non itertools My Python 2 solution:
if len(list1) < len(list2):
list1.extend([None] * (len(list2) - len(list1)))
else:
list2.extend([None] * (len(list1) - len(list2)))
In addition to the accepted answer, if you're working with iterables that might be different lengths but shouldn't be, it's recommended to pass strict=True
to zip()
(supported since Python 3.10).
To quote the documentation:
zip()
is often used in cases where the iterables are assumed to be of equal length. In such cases, it’s recommended to use thestrict=True
option. Its output is the same as regularzip()
:>>> list(zip(('a', 'b', 'c'), (1, 2, 3), strict=True)) [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
Unlike the default behavior, it checks that the lengths of iterables are identical, raising a
ValueError
if they aren’t:>>> list(zip(range(3), ['fee', 'fi', 'fo', 'fum'], strict=True)) Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: zip() argument 2 is longer than argument 1
Without the
strict=True
argument, any bug that results in iterables of different lengths will be silenced, possibly manifesting as a hard-to-find bug in another part of the program.
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