Is C scanf() prohibited from checking that integers are in range?

Question

I learned today that scanf() in C does not check if integers are representable in the specified type. For example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    short num;
    int ret = scanf("%hd", &num);
    printf("read %d, returned %d\n", num, ret);
    return 0;
}

On my system (Clang/MacOS), the above program will say "returned 1" meaning scanf() read the specified token even if the input is not representable, such as 4223215425243525443245234453. man scanf says:

Scanning stops when an input character does not match such a format character. Scanning also stops when an input conversion cannot be made.

Does the C standard require this behavior, or would it also be permissible for an implementor of scanf() to consider out-of-range numeric inputs invalid (and so return 0 in cases like the above)? If this behavior is required, I'd appreciate a quote from the standard saying so.

Answer 1

If this object does not have an appropriate type, or if the result of the conversion cannot be represented in the object, the behavior is undefined.

So absolutely anything is permissible.