I have my C++/CLI code using arrays like this (for example):
array<String^>^ GetColNames() { 
    vector<string> vec = impl->getColNames();
    array<String^>^ arr = gcnew array<String^>(vec.size());
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) { 
        arr[i] = strConvert(vec[i]); 
    }
    return arr; 
}
It's compiling fine until I add the library "array" to the project:
#include <array>
Then I don't know how to use the managed CLI array, because the compiler thinks that all the declared arrays are the std::array.
Errors examples:
array<String^>^ arr
//           ^ Error here: "too few arguments for class template "std::array""
gcnew array<String^>(vec.size())
//    ^ Error: "Expected a type specifier"
How to solve this? I tried removing using namespace std from that file, but it makes no difference. Should I remove that from every other C++ file on the project?
Clearly you have a using namespace std; in scope somewhere.  Watch out for it being used in .h file if you cannot find it.
You can resolve the ambiguity, the C++/CLI extension keywords like array are in the cli namespace.  This compiles fine:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <array>
using namespace std;         // <=== Uh-oh
using namespace System;
int main(cli::array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    auto arr = gcnew cli::array<String^>(42);
    return 0;
}
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