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Normalization leads to many essential and desirable characteristics, including aesthetic pleasure. Besides it is also theoretically "correct". In this context, denormalization is applied as a compromise, a correction to achieve performance. Is there any reason other than performance that a database could be denormalized?
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Normalization is used to remove redundant data from the database and to store non-redundant and consistent data into it. Denormalization is used to combine multiple table data into one so that it can be queried quickly.
Full normalisation will generally not improve performance, in fact it can often make it worse but it will keep your data duplicate free.
Denormalization has a place with SQL and NoSQL databases, as well as in data warehousing.
The two most common reasons to denormalize are:
The former should be verified with profiling, while the latter should be corrected with a rolled-up newspaper ;-)
I would say a better mantra would be "normalize for correctness, denormalize for speed - and only when necessary"
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