In a function call, what is the operator, and what are the operands?

Question

I am trying to understand some basics of C. KRC's The C Programming Language says

A function call is a postfix expression, called the function designator, followed by parentheses containing a possibly empty, comma-separated list of assignment expressions (Par.A7.17), which constitute the arguments to the function.

1. In a function call, what is the operator, and what are the operands?

   Is () the operator?

   Is the function name an operand?

   Are the arguments inside () operands?

2. Is a function designator a synonym of a function call?

Thanks.

Answer 1

In a function call, () is an operator just like [] is an operator when accessing an array element.

6.5.2 Postfix operators

Syntax
1 postfix-expression:
primary-expression
postfix-expression [ expression ]
postfix-expression ( argument-expression-listopt )
postfix-expression . identifier
postfix-expression -> identifier
postfix-expression ++
postfix-expression --
( type-name ) { initializer-list }
( type-name ) { initializer-list , }

argument-expression-list:
assignment-expression
argument-expression-list , assignment-expression  

Operand for this operator is the function name (or a pointer to the function).

Are the arguments inside () operands?

No. As per the C standard the list of expressions specifies the arguments to the function.

Answer 2

The text in the C standard is nearly identical, 6.5.2.2:

A postfix expression followed by parentheses () containing a possibly empty, comma-separated list of expressions is a function call. The postfix expression denotes the called function. The list of expressions specifies the arguments to the function.

The syntax is (6.5.2):

postfix-expression ( argument-expression-listopt )

This means that the function name is a "postfix-expression" and the ( ) is the actual operator. The C standard does not speak of operands for this operator, but I suppose you could call the function name an operand. The argument list is not an operand, but rather a special case.

---

The definition of a function designator is (6.3.2.1):

A function designator is an expression that has function type.

Meaning in the expression func();, func would be the function designator but the expression as whole would be a function call. So it is not exactly the same term.

Consider the example funcptr_t f = func; which involves the function designator func but no function call.