I've been subclassing tuple
or using namedtuple
blissfully for a few years, but now I have a use case where I need a class that can be used as a weak referent. And today I learned tuple
s don't support weak references.
Is there another way to create an immutable object in Python with a fixed set of attributes? I don't need the numeric indexing or variable width of a tuple.
class SimpleThingWithMethods(object):
def __init__(self, n, x):
# I just need to store n and x as read-only attributes
... ??? ...
I guess this raises the obvious question of why immutable; "Pythonic" code usually just assumes we're all adults here and no one in their right mind would reach into a class and muck with its values if it risks ruining the class invariants. In my case I have a class in a library and I am worried about accidental modification of objects by end-users. The people I work with sometimes make incorrect assumptions about my code and start doing things I did not expect, so it's much cleaner if I can raise an error if they accidentally modify my code.
I'm not so worried about bulletproof immutability; if someone really nefarious wants to go and modify things, ok, fine, they're on their own. I just want to make it hard to accidentally modify my objects.
well, this isn't a great answer but it looks like I can modify the answer in https://stackoverflow.com/a/4828492/44330 --- essentially overriding __setattr__
and __delattr__
to meet my needs at least against accidental modification. (but not as nice as subclassing tuple
)
class Point(object):
__slots__ = ('x','y','__weakref__')
def __init__(self, x, y):
object.__setattr__(self, "x", x)
object.__setattr__(self, "y", y)
def __setattr__(self, *args):
raise TypeError
def __delattr__(self, *args):
raise TypeError
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
def __hash__(self):
return self.x.__hash__() * 31 + self.y.__hash__()
Implementing @Elazar's idea:
class Point(object):
__slots__ = ('x','y','__weakref__')
def __new__(cls, x, y):
thing = object.__new__(cls)
object.__setattr__(thing, "x", x)
object.__setattr__(thing, "y", y)
return thing
def __setattr__(self, *args):
raise TypeError
def __delattr__(self, *args):
raise TypeError
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
def __hash__(self):
return self.x.__hash__() * 31 + self.y.__hash__()
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