I am studying Robolectric but an error occured

Question

I am studying Robolectric.

My project dir is,

My unit test codes MainActivityTest are as follows,

package com.example.activity;

import android.app.Activity;

import com.example.BuildConfig;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.robolectric.Robolectric;
import org.robolectric.RobolectricGradleTestRunner;
import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

@RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class)
@Config(constants = BuildConfig.class)
public class MainActivityTest {

  @Test
  public void titleIsCorrect() throws Exception {
    Activity activity = Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class);
    assertTrue(activity.getTitle().toString().equals("Deckard"));
  }
}

The configuration is,

When I run the test code,

It goes wrong,

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:51663,suspend=y,server=n -ea -javaagent:/Users/liren/Library/Caches/AndroidStudio1.2/groovyHotSwap/gragent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "/Applications/Android Studio 2.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar:/Applications/Android Studio 2.app/Contents/plugins/junit/lib/junit-rt.jar:/Users/liren/Library/Android/sdk/platforms/android-19/data/res:/Users/liren/code/robolectric/RobolectricGo/android-api-19/build/intermediates/classes/test/debug:/Users/liren/code/robolectric/RobolectricGo/android-api-19/build/intermediates/classes/debug:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apache.maven/maven-ant-tasks/2.1.3/b09be554228d66d208e5fef5266844aacf443abc/maven-ant-tasks-2.1.3.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apache.ant/ant/1.8.0/7b456ca6b93900f96e58cc8371f03d90a9c1c8d1/ant-1.8.0.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.assertj/assertj-core/1.7.0/c0451c7fce61d14f9f0fa84bb2760e548221e471/assertj-core-1.7.0.jar:/Users/liren/.m2/repository/com/ibm/icu/icu4j/53.1/icu4j-53.1.jar:/Users/liren/.m2/repository/com/google/android/apps/common/testing/accessibility/framework/accessibility-test-framework/1.0/accessibility-test-framework-1.0.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.robolectric/robolectric-annotations/3.0-SNAPSHOT/4e48c5059ce3fae922863f3464fa05ce6a5e08d6/robolectric-annotations-3.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apache.ant/ant-launcher/1.8.0/8b53ba16fa62fb1034da8f1de200ddc407c8381/ant-launcher-1.8.0.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm-commons/5.0.1/7b7147a390a93a14d2edfdcf3f7b0e87a0939c3e/asm-commons-5.0.1.jar:/Users/liren/.m2/repository/com/almworks/sqlite4java/sqlite4java/0.282/sqlite4java-0.282.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm-tree/5.0.1/1b1e6e9d869acd704056d0a4223071a511c619e6/asm-tree-5.0.1.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm/5.0.1/2fd56467a018aafe6ec6a73ccba520be4a7e1565/asm-5.0.1.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm-analysis/5.0.1/e286fbee48efacb4e7c175f7948d9d8b2ab52352/asm-analysis-5.0.1.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.robolectric/robolectric/3.0-SNAPSHOT/fde4745244f1447557b2f55030cb4fc546b53fac/robolectric-3.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:/Users/liren/.m2/repository/com/ximpleware/vtd-xml/2.11/vtd-xml-2.11.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm-util/5.0.1/7c8caddfbd0b2d7b844f8fcc75175b9cb9cf4724/asm-util-5.0.1.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.1/860340562250678d1a344907ac75754e259cdb14/hamcrest-core-1.1.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk16/1.46/ce091790943599535cbb4de8ede84535b0c1260c/bcprov-jdk16-1.46.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.robolectric/robolectric-utils/3.0-SNAPSHOT/bf446c7a07ee47a454c8db9ad10c1a8ca2515fd9/robolectric-utils-3.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/junit/junit/4.10/e4f1766ce7404a08f45d859fb9c226fc9e41a861/junit-4.10.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.robolectric/robolectric-resources/3.0-SNAPSHOT/ee905e9f06d0056f8d165a9a8ba24864825baa64/robolectric-resources-3.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:/Users/liren/kit/gradle-2.4/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.robolectric/shadows-core/3.0-SNAPSHOT/419067a26312d0bd71b00d81fa4bc501f7ccdabd/shadows-core-3.0-SNAPSHOT.jar:/Users/liren/code/robolectric/RobolectricGo/android-api-19/build/intermediates/mockable-android-19.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 com.example.activity.MainActivityTest
objc[13827]: Class JavaLaunchHelper is implemented in both /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java and /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_40.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/libinstrument.dylib. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:51663', transport: 'socket'
java.io.FileNotFoundException: build/intermediates/bundles/debug/AndroidManifest.xml (No such file or directory)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:195)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:138)
    at org.robolectric.res.FileFsFile.getInputStream(FileFsFile.java:78)
    at org.robolectric.manifest.AndroidManifest.parseAndroidManifest(AndroidManifest.java:132)
    at org.robolectric.manifest.AndroidManifest.getTargetSdkVersion(AndroidManifest.java:485)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.pickSdkVersion(RobolectricTestRunner.java:430)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:184)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:54)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:149)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:78)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Robolectric does not support API level 1.
    at org.robolectric.internal.SdkConfig.<init>(SdkConfig.java:38)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:184)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner.runChild(RobolectricTestRunner.java:54)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner$1.evaluate(RobolectricTestRunner.java:149)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)

Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:51663', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 255

It says something about my java. The java information is,

Why does it say

One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.

The entire code is at my github RobolectricGo.

Answer 1

Looks like you are a Mac user. Did you try your project on command line?

There is a nice page with great information how to get started with robolectric: http://robolectric.org/getting-started/ and there you get the following hint.

Note for Mac Users

If you are on a Mac, you will probably need to configure the default JUnit test runner configuration in order to work around a bug where Android Studio does not set the working directory to the module being tested. This can be accomplished by editing the run configurations, Defaults -> JUnit and changing the working directory value to $MODULE_DIR$.

Answer 2

Also try adding

<uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="21" />

to your AndroidManifest.xml

and

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@Config(manifest = "src/main/AndroidManifest.xml")

to your test classes.